心如何具有物理性?--亨利·斯塔普的心理物理理论探析

How Come Mind Possesses Physical Property? A Review of Henry Stapp’s Psychophysical Theory

不同于心理学家将意识理解为单纯的心理活动,作为量子物理学家的亨利·斯塔普认为,意识是心理和物理两种因素相互作用的结果。在结合海森堡量子不确定性和大脑神经活动的基础上,斯塔普提出了一种基于量子力学的意识理论---心理物理理论,并最终将意识理解为对大脑顶层神经编码选择的结果。心理物理理论作为一种量子意识理论,它符合科学实在论的因果效应标准及其主要特征,是具有实在性意义的意识理论。然而,由于心理物理理论从心理和物理两方面来解释意识,其本质上仍未脱离二元论的窠臼。再者,作为一种物理学意义上的意识理论,其理论基础还不够完善,因此其遭受着来自多方面的质疑与挑战。

Different from psychologists’understanding of consciousness as a pure mental activity,Henry Stapp,a quantum physicist,believes that consciousness is the result of the interaction between psychological and physical factors.On the basis of Heisenberg’s quantum uncertainty and brain neural activities,Stapp puts forward the psychophysical theory,a theory of consciousness based on quantum mechanics,in which consciousness is ultimately understood as the result of the choice of the top⁃level neural codes of the brain.As a quantum theory of consciousness,psychophysical theory conforms to the criterion of causal effect of scientific realism and its main characteristics.It is a theory of consciousness with practical significance.However,since psychophysical theory interprets consciousness from both psychological and physical aspects,it is still essentially dualistic.Moreover,as a theory of consciousness in the sense of physics,its theoretical foundation is not good enough.Therefore,it has come under question and challenge from many aspects.