基于生态视角下的山区耕地定级与基准地价评估

Classification of Grades and Evaluation of Benchmark Land Price of Tillage in Mountainous Areas Based on Ecological Perspective

完善自然资源分等定级估价,显化自然资源资产质量与价值,既是深入贯彻落实党中央精神的具体举措,也是实现生态文明建设的基础支撑内容之一。以河南省西部山区的灵宝市为例,采用基础问卷调查,对比统计和GIS空间分析等方法,以耕地图斑为基本评价单元,用多因素综合评价法进行耕地质量定级,利用第一手调查的投入产出样点和流转交易样点,测算耕地经营权基准地价。研究构建出18个因子层、8个因素层、3个目标层的山区耕地定级指标体系;对全市36382个耕地图斑进行评价,将灵宝市耕地划分为5个级别,高级别耕地位于区位好、地形平坦的黄河阶地与道路两侧,是全市高产田,低级别耕地位于市境南部深山区,是全市低产田;设定了耕地经营权基准地价内涵,按利用方式评估了旱地和水浇地30年期的价格,并测算了二者的年租金水平。研究结果表明:山区耕地质量级别在与耕地等别趋势基本一致性的前提下,级别的空间上受利用水平、地形地貌特征、区位条件等因素影响,且由高级别向低级别呈环状放射,并沿河流和交通线路延伸;高级别耕地图斑规则且面积相对较小,低级别耕地图斑面积相对大且形状不规则;耕地经营权价格水平基本反映了耕地质量高低与耕地流转收益能力大小,耕地利用方式对其价格与年租金影响较大。完善了公示地价体系建设,为山区耕地定级估价提供参考。

To improve the grading and valuation of natural resources and to manifest the quality and value of natural resources assets is not only a measure to thoroughly implement the spirit of the CPC Central Committee,but also one of the basic supporting contents to realize the construction of ecological civilization.And the way to achieve this goal is to take lingbao city in the western mountainous area of Henan Province as an example,based on the basic questionnaire survey data.To begin with,it takes measures to grade the tillage through taking tillage as the basic evaluation unit,such as Multi-factor comprehensive evaluation method,then,it uses first-hand investigation of input and output sample point and circulation of transaction sample to measure the tillage management of benchmark land price.There are three outcomes.Firstly,the paper constructs the index system of mountainous tillage grading with 18 factor layers,8 factor layers and 3 target layers.Secondly,36382 tillage plots in Lingbao city were evaluated,and the tillage in Lingbao City was divided into five levels.The high-grade tillage was located on both sides of Yellow River terraces and roads with good location and flat terrain,which was the highyield farmland in the city,and the low-grade tillage located in the southern mountainous area of the city is the city’s low-yielding farmland.Thirdly,the connotation of farmland management standard land price is set,the 30-year price of dryland and irrigated land is evaluated according to the utilization mode,and the annual rent level of the two is calculated.The results show that the level of tillage quality in mountainous areas is basically consistent with the trend of tillage level,and the spatial level is affected by the utilization level,topographic and geomorphic features,location conditions and other factors,and radiates from high level to high level in a ring,and extends along rivers and traffic lines.The pattern spots of high grade tillage are regular and relatively small,while the pattern spots of low grade tillage are relatively large and irregular.The price level of farmland management rights basically reflects the quality of farmland and the income capacity of farmland circulation,and the use mode of farmland has a great influence on its price and annual rent.The construction of the public land price system has been improved to provide reference for grading and valuation of tillage in mountainous areas.