“三权分置”背景下的农户转型分化--基于长江中下游地区的农户调查

Transformation and Differentiation of Farmers in the Background of“Three Rights Separation Policy”:Based on a Survey of Farmers in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River

随着“三权分置”农地制度改革的深入,更多的非集体成员可以进入到农业生产行业,农业经营主体正在经历着剧烈的转型。多元农业经营主体的涌现必将对我国的乡村农地利用、农业生产和社会形态产生重大的影响。依据长江中下游的农户田野调查资料,探究“三权分置”后的农户分化,以及不同农业经营主体的农地利用逻辑,主要研究结论有:(1)“三权分置”时期的农户划分为农业经营主体(资本农场、家庭农场、种田大户、传统农户)和离农主体(务工经商农户、农业雇工和赋闲农户);(2)“三权分置”时期规模经营主体的不断壮大,中层农户逐渐消失,下层小农萎缩和降级,贫富差距逐渐拉大。(3)“三权分置”时期国家对规模经营主体的扶持力度远远超过了小农主体,内生型家庭农场的雏形——种田大户的利益被忽视,“发展家庭农场、专业大户、农民合作社、农业产业化龙头企业等新型农业经营主体”的政策目标和乡土实践出现了偏差。

With the in-depth reform of the agricultural land system of“Three Rights Separation Policy(TRSP)”,more non-collective members joined the ranks of agricultural operators.The emergence o fdiversified agricultural operators will have a great impact on the utilization of rural agricultural land,agricultural production and social forms in rural China.Based on the field survey data of farmers in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,this paper explores the differentiation of farmers after the TRSP and the logic of agricultural land use by different agricultural operators.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The peasant households in the period of the TRSP are divided into agricultural business entities(capital farms,family farms,large farming households,traditional farmers)and off-farm entities(workers,business farmers,agricultural hired workers,and idle farmers);(2)During the period of the TRSP,the scale of the main operating entities continued to grow,middle-level farmers gradually disappeared,lower-level small farmers shrank and downgraded,and the gap between the rich and the poor gradually widened;(3)During the TRSP period,the state’s support for large-scale business entities far exceeded that of small-scale farmers.The interests of large farming households were ignored.There are deviations in policy objectives and local practices.