论商标许可终止后的商誉归属——兼评“红牛饮料案”

On the Attribution of Goodwill after the Termination of Trademark License——Also comment on the"Red Bull Drink Case"

商标许可终止后的商标权权属纠纷的实质是商誉之争,商誉作为法定保护的利益,有其独特的生成机理和移转规律,这决定着独立商誉的形成与商誉的利益边界,而法官在裁判商誉归属时易于忽略该决定因素而受到诸多干扰因素的影响,以致目前尚未形成一致的裁判规则。为促进商标许可机制的良性运转,司法裁判商誉归属应正确区分决定因素和干扰因素,依公平原则将商标商誉的增值利益归属于许可人,对被许可人给予必要的利益补偿;依产权规则将外溢于商标权的独立商誉归属于被许可人;允许被许可人合法宣传新旧商标之间的替代关系。

After the termination of trademark licensing,the essence of the disputes of trademark rights is the dispute of goodwill interests.Goodwill,as a kind of interests protected by law,has its unique generating mechanism and transferring pattern,Which decides the formation of independent goodwill and the judgement of the goodwill ascription,but the judges tend to ignore this decisive fator and be affected by many interfering factors.As a result,there is no consistent judgment rule so far.In order to promote the benign operation of the trademark licensing mechanism,we should correctly distinguish the decisive factors from the interfering factors in judging the goodwill ascription,the profits of trademark goodwill appreciation should be attributed to the licensors and the licensees should be compensated as necessary in the light of the principle of fairness;The independent goodwill spilling over the trademark rights should be attributed to the licensees in line with the property rules;And the licensees should be allowed to legally publicize the replacement of the old trademarks.