饲用天然植物活性功能组分制备方法研究进展

Preparation Methodology of Natural Plant Active Functional Components for Feeding:A Review

天然植物中含有酚类、生物碱、挥发油、苷类、多糖和有机酸等多种活性功能组分,具有抗氧化、抑菌、抗炎、调节动物免疫等多种功能,在畜禽上具备潜在的饲喂价值。开发天然植物活性功能组分成为我国后抗生素时代解决畜禽健康养殖的重要技术策略。本文综述了饲用天然植物各类活性功能组分制备的主要方法,重点介绍了以微波辅助、超声辅助、酶解辅助、超临界流体、离子液体等新型绿色提取工艺,以及制备型液相色谱和高速逆流色谱的大批量分离纯化工艺。此外,本文分析了当前试验研究与产业发展存在的问题,并提出了解决对策,以期为建立绿色、高效、低成本的饲用天然植物活性功能组分制备体系提供参考。

Natural plants contain various bioactive compounds,such as phenols,alkaloids,essential oils,gly⁃cosides,polysaccharides and organic acids.It has been demonstrated that adding these phytochemicals to ani⁃mal diets can regulate immune function,promote intestinal health,enhance disease resistance,improve animal productivity and maintain animal health.In view of their potential values in livestock production,using phyto⁃chemicals have become an alternative strategy in the post⁃antibiotic era.This review summarized the main methods of phytochemicals preparation,focusing on new environmentally extraction(microwave⁃assisted,ul⁃trasonic⁃assisted,enzyme⁃assisted,supercritical fluid,and ionic liquids and so on),as well as isolation and purification(preparative high⁃performance liquid chromatography and high⁃speed counter current chromatogra⁃phy and so on).The problems of current research and industrial development were discussed,and future strate⁃gies were proposed to facilitate the establishment of a green,high⁃efficiency,and low⁃cost preparation system of natural phytochemicals for animal industry.