妊娠期饲喂高纤维饲粮对母猪产仔性能及后代仔猪生长性能的影响

Effects of Feeding High Fiber Diet in Gestation on Farrowing Performance of Sows and Growth Performance of Offspring Piglets

本试验旨在研究妊娠期饲喂高纤维饲粮对母猪产仔性能及后代仔猪生长性能的影响。选取40头经产二元母猪,按照背膘、胎次一致原则随机分为2组(每组20个重复,每个重复1头),分别为对照组和高纤维组。妊娠期对照组和高纤维组母猪分别饲喂基础饲粮(粗纤维水平为3.85%)和高纤维饲粮(粗纤维水平为5.02%),妊娠第107天进入产房后2组母猪统一饲喂哺乳期饲粮。2组母猪饲喂同种哺乳期饲粮,自由采食。试验期间记录母猪妊娠第49天、第84天、第110天以及哺乳第14天和断奶当天背膘厚,分娩时记录母猪产仔性能,哺乳期记录仔猪的生长性能。试验从母猪配种开始至分娩后21 d断奶结束。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,高纤维组母猪不同阶段背膘厚以及妊娠期背膘沉积量和哺乳期背膘损失量均无显著变化(P>0.05)。2)与对照组相比,高纤维组母猪窝产健仔数显著升高(P<0.05),初生窝重极显著升高(P<0.01),窝产活仔数有升高的趋势(P=0.058),窝产总仔数、窝产活仔数和初生个体重均无显著变化(P>0.05);高纤维组仔猪宫内发育迟缓率低于对照组;高纤维组母猪健仔率与对照组相比虽无显著变化(P>0.05),但在数值上高于对照组。3)对照组和高纤维组仔猪体重小于1.0 kg的比例分别为12.76%和5.45%;体重在1.0~1.2 kg的仔猪,对照组的比例高于高纤维组;体重在1.2~1.8 kg的仔猪,高纤维组的比例高于对照组;体重在1.8 kg以上的仔猪,高纤维组的比例高于对照组。4)高纤维组仔猪7日龄窝重、7日龄个体重、14日龄窝重、14日龄个体重、断奶窝重和断奶窝均重均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。综上可知,妊娠期饲喂高纤维饲粮可提高母猪的产仔性能和后代仔猪的生长性能。

In this experiment,the effects of feeding high fiber diet in gestation on farrowing performance of sows and growth performance of offspring piglets were studied.Forty binary multiparous sows were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups(20 replicates in each group and 1 sow in each replicate)according to the principle of consistent backfat and parity,which were named control group and high fiber group.The sows in the control group and high fiber group were fed basal diet(crude fiber level was 3.85%)and high fiber diet(crude fiber level was 5.02%),respectively.After entering the delivery room on day 107 of gestation,the sows in the 2 groups were fed the same lactation diet and were free to eat.During the test,the sows were recorded fat thickness at day 49,day 84,day 110 of gestation,day 14 of lactation,and the day of weaning.The farrowing performance of sows was recorded during farrowing,and the growth performance of piglets was recorded during the lactation period.The test started at sow breeding and finished until weighing(21 days after delivery).The results showed as follows:1)compared with the control group,the backfat thickness in each stage,the backfat deposition during gestation and the backfat loss during lactation of sows in high fiber group had no significant changes(P>0.05).2)Compared with the control group,the number of healthy litters of sows in the high fiber group was significantly increased P<0.05),the litter birth weight of piglets in the high fiber group was significantly increased(P<0.01),and the number of live litters in the high fiber group tended to increase(P=0.058),but there were no significant effects on the total litter size,the number of live litters and the birth individual weight(P>0.05).The intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR)rate of piglets in the high fiber group was lower than that in the control group;compared with the control group,the healthy litter rate of the high fiber group did not change significantly(P>0.05),but it was higher than that of the control group.3)The proportion of piglets weighing less than 1.0 kg in the control group and the high fiber group were 12.76%and 5.45%,respectively;piglets weighing 1.0 to 1.2 kg had a higher proportion in the control group than that in the high fiber group;the proportion of piglets weighing 1.2 to 1.8 kg in the high fiber group was higher than that in the control group;the proportion of piglets weighing more than 1.8 kg in the high fiber group was higher than that in the control group.4)The litter weight of 7 days of age,individual weight of 7 days of age,litter weight of 14 days of age,individual weight of 14 days of age,litter weight of weaning and individual weight of weaning of piglets in the high fiber group were extremely significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.01).Therefore,feeding high fiber diet in gestation can improve the farrowing performance of sows and the growth performance of piglets.