产朊假丝酵母对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清免疫和抗氧化指标以及养分表观消化率的影响

Effects of Candida utilis on Growth Performance,Serum Immune and Antioxidant Indices and Nutrient Apparent Digestibility of Weaned Piglets

本试验旨在探究产朊假丝酵母作为蛋白质饲料原料对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清免疫和抗氧化指标以及养分表观消化率的影响,为其推广及合理利用提供依据。试验选用96头28日龄初始体重为(7.90±1.65)kg的健康“杜×长×大”断奶仔猪,随机分为4个组,每组6个重复,每个重复4头猪(公母各占1/2)。对照组饲喂由含发酵豆粕、酵母水解物和鱼粉组成的基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂用由产朊假丝酵母发酵而成的酵母蛋白Ⅰ替代基础饲粮中3%酵母水解物(试验Ⅰ组)、酵母蛋白Ⅰ替代基础饲粮中3%鱼粉(试验Ⅱ组)以及酵母蛋白Ⅱ替代基础饲粮中5%发酵豆粕(试验Ⅲ组)的饲粮。试验期21 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,各试验组断奶仔猪平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比以及腹泻率均无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组断奶仔猪血清白细胞介素-10含量显著降低(P<0.05),血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性显著提高(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组断奶仔猪干物质、有机物、组蛋白质、粗脂肪和中性洗涤纤维表观消化率显著降低(P≤0.05)。4)与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组断奶仔猪粪便中丁酸含量显著提高(P<0.05),试验Ⅲ组粪便中丁酸和总挥发性脂肪酸含量显著提高(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加产朊假丝酵母替代酵母水解物、鱼粉或发酵豆粕,对断奶仔猪生长性能和腹泻率无负面影响,可提高血清抗氧化能力和粪便中丁酸含量,表明产朊假丝酵母具备开发成为非常规蛋白质饲料原料的潜力。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Candida utilis as a protein feed material on growth performance,serum immune and antioxidant indices and nutrient apparent digestibility of weaned piglets,and to provide basis for its promotion and rational utilization.A total of 96 healthy“Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire”weaned piglets of 28-day-old with an initial body weight of(7.90±1.65)kg were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates per group and 4 piglets(half male and half female)per replicate.Piglets in the control group were fed a basal diet containing fermented soybean meal,yeast hydrolysate and fish meal,and those in the experimental groups were fed the diets with yeast proteinⅠproduced by Candida utilis fermentation replaced 3%yeast hydrolysate in the basal diet(experimental groupⅠ),yeast proteinⅠreplaced 3%fish meal in the basal diet(experimental groupⅡ),and yeast proteinⅡreplaced 5%fermented soybean meal in the basal diet(experimental groupⅢ),respectively.The experiment lasted for 21 days.The results showed as follows:1)compared with the control group,there were no significant differences in the average daily gain,average daily feed intake,feed to gain ratio and diarrhea rate of weaned piglets in experimental groups(P>0.05).2)Compared with the control group,the serum interleukin-10 content of weaned piglets in experimental groupⅡwas significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in serum were significantly increased(P<0.05).3)Compared with the control group,the apparent digestibility of dry matter,organic matter,crude protein,ether extract and neutral detergent fiber of weaned piglets in experimental groupⅡwas significantly decreased(P≤0.05).4)Compared with the control group,the butyric acid content in feces of weaned piglets in experimental groupⅡwas significantly increased(P<0.05),and the contents of butyric acid and total volatile fatty acid in experimental groupⅢwere significantly increased(P<0.05).In conclusion,dietary Candida utilis substitution of yeast hydrolysate,fish meal or fermented soybean meal has no negative effects on growth performance and diarrhea rate of weaned piglets,but can improve serum antioxidant capacity and fecal butyric acid content,which indicates Candida utilis has the potential to be developed as a non-conventional protein feed material.