滇东北黑麦栽培利用现状与推广应用前景

Current cultivation and application prospect of rye in northeast Yunnan

通过入户访问和田间调查相结合的方式,对滇东北广为种植黑麦(Secale cereale)的来源、利用现状、病害发生状况、生产性能、播种方式等进行了调查。结果表明:黑麦于20世纪60年代中期引入云南东北地区,通过长期栽培与选择,已成为高寒山区优良的旱季饲用作物,孕穗期粗蛋白含量达到18.6%,孕穗期前可多次刈割,平均干草产量达6.187 t/hm^(2),2018年滇东北种植面积超过18 000 hm^(2),适宜海拔2 000~2 500 m的山区冬春季作粗饲料使用。加强滇东北黑麦推广应用对于缓解云南干季草畜季节矛盾,确保云南草牧业可持续发展有重要意义。

The variety origin, current cultivation & utilization status, disease occurrence and production performance as well as farming method of Secale cereale L.in northeast Yunnan were investigated in detail by household interview and field survey.The results indicated that the rye was introduced into northeast Yunnan in the mid-1960 s.After long-term cultivation and self-selection, it has become an excellent forage species in alpine mountainous area.The crude protein could reach 18.6% at booting stage, and plants could be grazed several times before booting stage.The average yield of hay could reach 6 187 kg/hm^(2).The annual planting area in Northeast Yunnan is more than 18 000 hm^(2).Rye is suitable to use as fodders in 2000-2500 m mountain area in winter and spring.The promotion and application of rye in northeast Yunnan is of great significance to alleviate the seasonal confliction in dry season between fodder shortage and livestock needs and ensure the sustainable development of grass and animal husbandry in Yunnan.