上海市室内灰尘中邻苯二甲酸酯分布及人群暴露风险评估

Distribution and exposure assessment of phthalic acid esters(PAEs)in indoor dust of Shanghai

【目的】探讨上海市不同场所室内灰尘中邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的分布特征并评估人群暴露的健康风险。【方法】2018年、2019年、2020年对上海市部分居民家庭、办公室、公共场所室内灰尘进行采样分析,共采集到灰尘样品33份。样品经过100筛,提取浓缩后,经气相色谱-质谱联用仪选择离子模式(SIM)检测分析,研究其构成情况、分布特征及人群暴露情况。【结果】对不同场所室内灰尘中PAEs的分布特征研究表明,PAEs的16种单体均有检出,浓度范围为<0.01~2464 mg·kg^(−1),平均含量为613 mg·kg^(−1),主要以邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DiBP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯(DNOP)为主,约占16种PAEs的99.5%。不同功能区的PAEs浓度由高到低为家庭>办公室>宾馆>车站。DEHP、DBP、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)及邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯(BBP)的日均暴露量均低于欧洲生态毒理学及环境科学研究会、美国环境保护署(EPA)规定的日耐受量(TDI)与参考剂量(RfD)。室内灰尘中DEHP对儿童和成人的致癌风险(R)分别为6.63×10^(-5)和1.02×10^(-5)。【结论】人群中不同途径暴露室内灰尘的PAEs的日均摄入量顺序为手-口摄入>皮肤接触>呼吸吸入。儿童暴露风险大于成人。

[Objective]To characterize the distribution and assess the exposure to phthalic acid esters(PAEs)in the indoor dust of Shanghai City.[Methods]Samples were collected from 33 sampling sites,including homes,hotels,offices and public places,in Shanghai in 2018,2019,and 2020.The samples were pretreated by 100 sieves,extracted and concentrated,and then analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in selected ion mode(SIM).[Results]Results on the characteristics of PAEs in indoor dust in different places showed that concentrations of PAEs were in a range of<0.01-2464 mg·kg^(-1).The average concentration of 16 PAEs was 613 mg·kg^(-1).Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP),di-iso-butyl phthalate(DiBP),di-n-butyl phthalate(DBP)and di-n-octyl phthalate(DnOP)were the main components of PAEs in indoor dust,accounting for approximately 99.5%of 16 PAEs.The intake of DEHP,DBP,DEP and BBP was lower than the tolerable daily intake(TDI)and reference doses(RfD)set by EU CSTEE and U.S.EPA.[Conclusion]Average daily dose(ADD)via indoor dust is estimated,and the order of intake through different pathways is hand-oral intake>skin contact>respiratory inhalation.Exposure risk of PAEs in children is greater than that in adults.