3~5岁幼儿气质与冷、热执行功能:同伴交往的调节效应

The Effects of Preschoolers’Temperament on Their Cool and Hot Executive Functions Moderated by Peer Interaction

个体执行功能发展的差异性是多方面因素合力作用的结果,不仅与个体气质有关,而且与其成长环境有着紧密关系。本研究重点探讨幼儿同伴交往这一后天社会因素是否能够调节气质(尤其是反应强度维度)对冷、热执行功能发展的影响。为此,本研究对133名3~5岁幼儿的气质、执行功能水平及同伴交往能力进行了测量和分析。结果发现,同伴交往能力强的幼儿能显著降低气质的反应强度维度对其冷执行功能发展的不利影响。可见,积极的同伴互动可以在一定程度上削弱不良先天气质因素对幼儿认知发展的负面影响。教师与家长应为幼儿创设良好的社会互动环境,培养幼儿的同伴交往能力,以促进幼儿执行功能的发展。

The difference of individual’s development on executive function is the results of multiple factors’working together.This study thus focused on exploring whether preschoolers’social competence can moderate the influence of temperament(particularly intensity of mood expression)on their development of executive functioning,which consists of a hot component and a cool component.133 preschool children completed measurements to evaluate their social competence in interacting with peers,trait factors,and their cool and hot component of executive functioning.It shows that improved social competence can attenuate the negative impact of intensity of mood expression on the cool executive functioning.The finding implies that preschoolers can compensate negative trait influence on cognitive development through positive social engagement.It’s suggested that parents and educators should create friendly social environment and provide social skill training for preschoolers.