除草剂对马铃薯不同品种的安全性研究

Safety of Herbicides on Potato Varieties

为探明除草剂对马铃薯的安全性,选用甘肃省目前主要种植的13个马铃薯品种,系统研究3种茎叶喷雾除草剂砜嘧磺隆、嗪草酮和灭草松以及3种土壤处理除草剂二甲戊灵、利谷隆和精异丙甲草胺对马铃薯不同品种的安全性。结果表明,25%砜嘧磺隆WG 2 g/667m^(2)(有效成分用量,下同)苗期茎叶喷雾对‘青薯9号’‘陇薯6号’和‘陇薯7号’3个马铃薯品种相对安全(2级药害),对‘大西洋’‘克新1号’‘费乌瑞它’‘黑金刚’‘LK99’‘荷兰15号’‘冀张薯8号’‘丽薯6号’‘新大坪’和‘陇薯10号’10个品种有严重药害(4级药害)。70%嗪草酮WP 56 g/667m^(2)苗期茎叶喷雾对‘陇薯7号’‘黑金刚’和‘新大坪’3个品种具药害或毁灭性药害(3级或5级药害),对‘费乌瑞它’相对安全(2级药害),对‘丽薯6号’‘冀张薯8号’‘青薯9号’‘LK99’‘陇薯6号’‘陇薯10号’‘荷兰15号’‘大西洋’和‘克新1号’9个品种安全(1级药害)。480 g/L灭草松AS 120 mL/667m^(2)苗期茎叶喷雾对13个供试马铃薯品种很安全或安全(0级或1级药害)。330 g/L二甲戊灵EC 99 mL/667m^(2)、50%利谷隆WP 175 g/667m^(2)和960 g/L精异丙甲草胺EC 192 mL/667m^(2)播后苗前土壤处理对13个品种均很安全(0级药害)。研究结果对指导马铃薯田除草剂科学合理使用具有重要意义。

The safety of three stem and leaf-sprayed herbicides including Rimsulfuron,Metribuzin and Bentazone as well as three soil-applied herbicides including Pendimethalin,Linuron and S-metolachlor on 13 potato varieties mainly planted in Gansu Province at present were systematically studied in order to understand the safety of herbicides on potato varieties.Rimsulfuron 25%WG sprayed at 2 g/667m^(2)(active ingredient,the same below)on stems and leaves of potato in seedling stage was relatively safe to'Qingshu 9','Longshu 6'and'Longshu 7'(grade 2 phytotoxicity),and had serious phytotoxicity on'Atlantic','Kexin 1','Favorita','Heijingang','LK99','Helan 15','Jizhangshu 8','Lishu 6','Xindaping'and'Longshu 10'(grade 4 phytotoxicity).Metribuzin 70%WP sprayed at 56 g/667m^(2) had phytotoxicity or devastating phytotoxicity on'Longshu 7','Heijingang'and'Xindaping'(grade 3 or 5 phytotoxicity),was relatively safe to'Favorita'(grade 2 phytotoxicity),and was safe to'Lishu 6','Jizhangshu 8','Qingshu 9','LK99','Longshu 6','Longshu 10','Helan 15','Atlantic'and'Kexin 1'(grade 1 phytotoxicity).Bentazone 480 g/L AS sprayed at 120 mL/667m^(2) was very safe or safe to 13 potato varieties(grade 0 or 1 phytotoxicity).Pendimethalin 330 g/L EC 99 mL/667m^(2),Linuron 50%WP 175 g/667m^(2) and S-metolachlor 960 g/L EC 192 mL/667m^(2) were very safe for all the 13 potato varieties when applied to soil after sowing but before emergence of potato.The results are of great importance in guiding the scientific and rational use of herbicides in potato field.