中国马铃薯主要品种特征与产业布局分析

Analysis of the Characteristics of Potato Varieties and Industrial Distribution in China

马铃薯种质资源发展对中国马铃薯生产加工产业向“科技支撑”转型具有重要意义。从中国马铃薯主要种植品种的分布特征、品质及抗性特征和加工方式3方面进行分析,发现目前国内马铃薯品种选育已经依托主要产区形成集中化趋势,其中,不同品种的产量、抗病性、耐贮藏性和适宜加工方式等特征是影响品种推广种植的重要因素,在此基础上提出未来马铃薯育种改良中,应进一步发挥马铃薯广种高产、种植效益高的优势,开发具有抗病性强、耐仓贮、适宜加工的新型品种,同时挖掘马铃薯营养丰富均衡特征,助力马铃薯主食产业化发展,推动乡村振兴。

The development of potato germplasm resources is of great significance to the transformation of Chinese potato production and processing industry to"scientific and technological support".Based on the analysis of distribution,quality and resistance,and processing methods of the main potato varieties in China,it is found that the development of domestic potato varieties have formed a centralized trend relying on the main production regions,and the yield,disease resistance,storability and suitable processing methods of a variety are important factors affecting the popularization and planting of varieties.It is proposed that in the future potato breeding and improvement,we should further give play to the advantages of wide adaptation,high yield and high planting efficiency of potato,develop new varieties with disease resistance,good storability and suitability for processing.Also,we should tap the characteristics of rich and balanced nutrition of potato,help the development of potato staple food industrialization and promote rural revitalization.