航空直流起发电机换向性能优化设计

Optimization design of reversing performance of aviation DC generator

航空直流起发电机需要承受更高的电、热、磁和机械负荷,过高的负荷会使电机的电枢反应增加、换向情况恶化,进而缩短电机的寿命,降低电机的可靠性。为了提高航空直流起发电机的寿命和可靠性,基于经典换向理论,从电枢反应和电刷设计方面进行分析,提出通过换向极设计和电刷尺寸改善换向性能的措施,并对某型直流起发电机的换向极绕组匝数和电刷宽度参数进行了优化,通过对该电机进行火花观测试验,验证了优化设计的有效性。

The aviation DC generator needs to bear high electrical, thermal, magnetic and mechanical loads, and the excessive load will increase the armature reaction of the generator and deteriorate the reversing condition, thereby shortening the service life and reducing the reliability of the generator.In order to improve the service life and reliability of the generator, based on the classical commutation theory, this paper analyzes the armature reaction and the brush design, and proposes some measures to improve the reversing performance of the generator, including designing the commutating pole and changing the size of the brush.The parameters of the commutating pole winding turns and the brush width are optimized, and the effectiveness of the optimized design is verified by the spark observation test of the generator.