长大下坡道快速货运列车制动操纵方法分析

Analysis of braking methods for express freight train on a long ramp along Sichuan-Tibet railway

列车在长大下坡道运行时的制动操纵方法直接关系到车辆车轮或制动盘热负荷大小,影响列车安全运行。为确定快速货运列车在川藏线路某长大下坡道路段的最优制动操纵方法,通过建立轴装制动盘三维有限元模型,计算三种制动操纵方法下的制动盘热流密度和对流换热系数,建立瞬态温度场,完成对制动盘的热负荷分析。结果表明,短循环制动法满足制动盘温度性能要求,但对司机操纵要求较高,易发生疲劳驾驶;一次减压制动法对司机操纵要求低,但超出制动盘最高温度允许范围;长循环制动法结合以上两种,既减轻了司机操纵压力,又满足了制动盘温度性能要求,可作为川藏线长大下坡道的最优安全下坡操纵方法。

The braking method is directly related to the heat load of the train wheel and the brake disc, which affects the safe operation of the train.In order to determine the optimal braking method for the express freight train on a long ramp along the Sichuan-Tibet railway, a 3 D finite element model of the axle brake disc was established, the heat flux and the convective heat transfer coefficient of the brake disc were calculated under three braking methods, and the transient temperature field was established to analyze the thermal load of the brake disc.The results show that, the short-cycle braking method can meet the temperature requirements of the brake disc, but has high requirements for the driver, and is easy to cause fatigue driving.The once-decompression braking method has low requirements for the driver, but exceeds the allowable range of the maximum temperature of the brake disc.The long-cycle braking method reduces the driver’s operation pressure, and meets the temperature requirements of the brake disc, which can be used as the optimal safe downhill operation method on the long ramps along the Sichuan-Tibet railway.