护理人员志愿参与照护失能老年人活动阻碍因素的质性研究

A qualitative study on the factors impeding the willingness of nursing staff to participate in voluntary care activities for disabled elderly

目的:探讨苏州市护理人员参与志愿护理失能老年人活动的阻碍因素,为创立一支为失能老年人服务的护理志愿者团队奠定基础。方法:2019年10月—2020年1月采用目的抽样法选取苏州市各级医院护理人员26人,使用质性研究现象学研究方法进行半结构式深入访谈,现场收集护理人员关于志愿护理失能老年人的真实想法,并使用Nvivo 12软件进行文本资料的整理,提取出现频繁的语句,并结合Colaizzi 7步分析法进行资料反复阅读、编码、分析、提炼、得出主题。结果:共提炼出8个主题,①志愿活动投入困难;②缺乏安全的工作环境,担心增加医疗隐患;③对服务对象疾病危险性的担忧;④服务对象及其家庭对志愿者的理解度;⑤志愿者组织结构不完善;⑥志愿活动缺乏便利性;⑦缺少社会性支持;⑧缺少志愿者激励。结论:护理人员志愿参与照护失能老年人活动是一种自主自愿的志愿行为,但也存在很多阻碍因素。建议管理者应从护理人员的角度出发,早期识别护理人员志愿护理失能老年人的需求及阻碍因素;相关机构应多关注护理人员的诉求,改善其工作环境,满足其合理需求,这样才能不断完善志愿体系,调动更多的护理人员参与志愿者活动。

Objective:To explore the hindrance factors of nursing staff participating in volunteer nursing activities for the disabled elderly in Suzhou,and to lay a foundation for establishing a nursing volunteer team for the disabled elderly.Methods:From October 2019 to January 2020,a total of 26 nursing staff from hospitals at all levels in Suzhou were selected by objective sampling method.Qualitative phenomenological research method and semi-structured in-depth interview were used to collect the real thoughts of the nursing staff on volunteer care for the disabled elderly on the spot,and Nvivo 12 software was used to sort out the text data.Colaizzi 7-step analysis method was used to repeatedly read,code and analyze the data to extract and obtain the theme.Results:A total of 8 themes were extracted.①Volunteers have difficulty in investing time and energy;②Lack of safe working environment,fear of increased medical risks;③Worrying about the risk of illness among clients;④Understanding of volunteers by service objects and their families;⑤The volunteer organization structure is not perfect;⑥Volunteer activities lack of convenience;⑦Volunteer activities lack of social support;⑧Lack of volunteer motivation.Conclusions:Nursing staff volunteer to participate in caring for the disabled elderly is a autonomic and voluntary behaviors,but there are many obstacles.It is suggested that managers should identify nursing staff′s needs and hindrance factors of voluntary care for disabled elderly in early stage from the point of view of nursing staff.Relevant institutions should pay more attention to the demands of nursing staff,improve their working environment and meet their reasonable needs,so as to constantly improve the voluntary system and mobilize more nursing staff to participate in volunteer activities.