对胡塞尔伦理学思想演变的文本考察

Textual Examination of the Evolution of Husserl’s Ethical Thought

作为现象学运动的发起人,胡塞尔一度被认为是位对伦理漠不关心的学者。实际上,他整个研究生涯中都在思考和关注着伦理学。一战之前他受老师布伦塔诺的影响,对以康德为代表的道德理性主义和以休谟为代表的道德情感主义分别进行批判,但其思想实质更接近前者;战时他做了有关费希特的演讲,战后他愈加意识到对人性进行规范和改造的必要性。他在自己战前思想的基础上、在费希特的启发和舍勒的影响下,又为自己的思考增添了诸如爱、责任、共同体等丰富的内容。胡塞尔对伦理学的研究有着属于现象学的独到之处,在不同的时代都有着指导日常生活的价值。

As the initiator of Phenomenological Movement, Husserl was once regarded as a scholar indifferent to ethics.In fact, he had been thinking and paying attention to ethics during his whole research career. Before World War I, influenced by his teacher Brentano, he criticized the moral rationalism represented by Kant and the moral emotionalism represented by Hume respectively, but the essence of his own thought was closer to the former;during the war, he made three speeches about Fichte;after the war, he became more and more aware of the necessity of normalizing and reforming human nature. On the basis of his own pre-war thought, inspired by Fichte and influenced by Scheler, he added rich contents such as love, responsibility and community to his thinking. Husserl’s research on ethics has uniqueness belonging to phenomenology and has its value in guiding daily life in different eras.