7xxx铝合金挤压技术及设备研究现状

Research Status of 7xxx Aluminum Alloy Extrusion Technology and Equipment

轻质铝合金材料已经越来越多地成为应用最为广泛的有色金属材料,以7xxx系高强韧铝合金为研究对象,对挤压生产的铝合金型材应用方向进行介绍。分析了影响挤压加工的主要因素,以电磁搅拌技术为例介绍了大规格铸坯制备方法,列举了国内外大型油压机的建设和加工能力现状,描述了由CAD/CAE/CAM软件设计到综合数控(CNC)加工中心的模具制造过程,对比了正挤压和反挤压以及其他挤压工艺特点,并给出对液压系统和温度控制的改进措施。最后观察了挤压道次对合金组织和性能影响,为挤压工艺提供参考。

Lightweight aluminum alloy materials have become the most widely used non-ferrous metal materials in society.Taking 7xxx series aluminum alloy as the research object,which introduced the application direction of its profile produced by extrusion.The main factors affecting extrusion processing are analyzed,and taking electromagnetic stirring technology,as an example,to produce the large-scale casting.That listed the construction and ability of large-scale hydraulic extruder in the world,described the mold manufacturing process from CAD/CAE/CAM software design to CNC machining center,and compared the characteristics of forward extrusion,backward and other processes,the improvement measures of hydraulic system and isothermal processing are given.Last,the effect of extrusion times on the microstructure and properties of the materials was observed,which provides a reference for the extrusion processing.