基于改进EfficientDet的电网元件及缺陷识别方法

Identification Method of Power Grid Components and Defects Based on Improved EfficientDet

针对现有的无人机电力巡检中的目标检测算法小目标识别精度低、检测的元件及缺陷类型较为单一、检测速度和精度无法同时满足的问题,提出一种改进的EfficientDet目标检测算法,该算法应用于无人机电力巡检图像的数据挖掘,对高压输电线路上的绝缘子、防震锤、均压环、屏蔽环、鸟巢同时进行目标检测及缺陷定位。首先通过Imgaug数据增强库对现有的1468张国家电网某检修公司标准化无人机巡检数据集进行数据增强;然后在加强特征提取网络双向特征金字塔网络(BiFPN)特征融合时融入小一级尺度的特征层,提高了小目标检测能力,对主干特征提取网络EfficientNet的倒残差模块进行改进,引入坐标注意力机制(CA)提高了主干特征提取效率;最后进行对比训练实验,改进EfficientDet算法在元件检测及缺陷定位测试集上平均均值精度达到90.2%,较原始EfficientDet算法提高8.6%,亦优于其他先进目标检测算法,同时元件检测速率达到23.4f/s,缺陷定位达到17.2f/s,证明了该文方法可以满足电力巡检中准确性和快速性的要求。

An improved EfficientDet target detection algorithm was proposed to deal with the problem that the existing UAV electric power inspection target detection algorithm could easily produce low accuracy of small target,the detected components and defect types are relatively single,and could not satisfy with the detection speed and accuracy simultaneously.The algorithm was applied for data mining of power inspection images to detect insulators,dampers,grading-ring,shielding-ring and birdhouse on the high voltage transmission lines and locate the corresponding defects at the same time.Firstly,this paper uses Imgaug data enhancement library to enhance the data of the existing 1468standardized UAV inspection datasets in the State Grid.Then,to improve the small target detection ability of the bidirectional feature pyramid networks and efficiency of the backbone network EfficientNet,a feature layer with a smaller scale was integrated weighted,the backdown residual module was improved and coordinate attention mechanism was introduced.Finally,a comparative training experiment is carried out,and the improved EfficientDet has the accuracy reaching up to 90.2%on the test set,which is 8.6%higher than the original EfficientDet and other advanced target detection algorithm.Meanwhile,the frame rate per second of component inspection and defect location reaches 23.4 and 17.2 respectively.It is proved that this method can meet the requirements of accuracy and efficiency in power inspection.