北京市卫生人力资源配置现状及公平性研究

Study on current situation and fairness of health human resources allocation in Beijing

[目的]通过对北京市卫生人力资源配置的总体情况和公平性进行研究,为北京市卫生人力资源配置提供理论依据。[方法]利用平均增长速度评价北京市2015-2019年卫生人力资源变化情况,利用洛伦兹曲线和基尼系数衡量卫生人力资源配置的总体公平性,使用集聚度对各区域卫生人力资源配置公平性进行研究。[结果]北京市卫生技术人员、执业(助理)医师、注册护士的平均增长速度分别为2.99%、3.72%、2.82%,卫生人力资源总量相对充足,医护比低于国家1∶1.25的标准。卫生人力资源按照常住人口配置较为公平,卫生技术人员、执业(助理)医师、注册护士按常住人口配置的基尼系数(0.273、0.265、0.296)优于按地理面积配置的基尼系数(0.757、0.746、0.775)。卫生人力资源配置呈空间集聚性,东城区、西城区、朝阳区和石景山区的各项卫生人力资源HRAD_(i)和HRAD_(i)/PAD_(i)值均大于1,提示这些区域各项卫生人力资源相对于地理面积和人口配置均处于相对过剩状态。[结论]北京市卫生人力资源总量相对充足,结构有待调整,卫生人力资源呈空间集聚性,按常住人口配置的公平性优于按地理面积配置。需进一步调整北京市卫生人力资源结构,提高其配置的公平性。

Objective Study on overall situation and fairness of health human resources allocation in Beijing so as to provide theoretical basis for the allocation of health human resources in Beijing.Methods The average speed of growth was used to evaluate the change of health human resources in Beijing from 2015 to 2019,the overall fairness of health human resources allocation was measured by Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient,and the equity of health human resources allocation in various regions was studied by agglomeration degree.Results The average growth rate of health technicians,practicing(assistant)physicians and registered nurses in Beijing was 2.99%,3.72%and 2.82%,respectively.The gross of health human resources was relative sufficiency,the ratio of physician and nurse was lower than national standard of 1∶1.25.Health human resources according to permanent resident population was relative equity.The Gini coefficient of health technicians,practicing(assistant)physicians,registered nurses according to permanent resident population was 0.273,0.265 and 0.296 respectively which was better than that of Gini coefficient(0.757,0.746 and 0.775 respectively)according to geographical area.Health human resources showed spatial agglomeration,HRAD_(i) and HRAD_(i)/PAD_(i) value of various health human resources in Dongcheng,Xicheng,Chaoyang and Shijingshan district were all above 1,which mentioned that the various health human resources in these areas were relative surplus state for the geographical area and population allocation.Conclusions The total amount of health human resources in Beijing is relatively sufficiency,the structure needs to be adjusted,the health human resources are spatially concentrated,and the fairness of the allocation according to the resident population is better than that of the geographical area.It is necessary to further adjust the structure of health human resources in Beijing and improve the fairness of its allocation.