细菌外膜囊泡调节宿主天然免疫反应机制研究进展

Progress on the Mechanism of Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles in Regulating Host Innate Responses

细菌外膜囊泡(outer membrane vesicles,OMVs)是革兰氏阴性菌在生长过程中释放到胞外的囊泡状结构,在细菌多种生理活动中具有重要功能,也是当前病原微生物领域新的前沿研究热点。天然免疫系统是宿主抵抗病原菌入侵的第一道防线,细菌通过多种机制来调节宿主天然免疫反应,而OMVs在这其中发挥重要作用。OMVs能够显著激活宿主的天然免疫反应,同时OMVs中携带的大分子物质如蛋白质、核酸等可以通过多种方式来调节宿主的天然免疫反应。论文在阐述OMVs的结构特征和分泌机制的基础上,对OMVs调节宿主天然免疫机制的研究进展进行了总结,并对其在新型疫苗和靶向纳米药物制备中的潜在应用价值进行了展望。

Bacterial outer membrane vesicles(OMVs)are vesicle-like structures that are released by Gram-negative bacteria to the extracellular milieu during growth,which play important roles in a variety of physiological activities in bacteria and is also a new research hotspot of pathogenic microorganism.Innate immunity is the first line of host defense against the invasion of pathogenic bacteria.Bacteria can regulate host innate immune responses through different mechanisms,and OMVs exert important roles during these processes.OMVs have the ability to activate host innate immunity and various macromolecules in OMVs such as protein,nucleic acid can also regulate host innate immune responses.This review summarized the structural features and secretion mechanism of OMVs,and reviewed the current research progress of OMVs in regulating host innate immune responses.The application potentials of OMVs in developing new vaccines and targeted nano-drugs were also outlooked.