金朝禁卫制度的构建与运行

The Construction and Operation of the Guard System of the Jin Dynasty

金初已有组织或个人承担禁卫职责,但未形成制度。熙宗“天眷改制”期间置殿前都点检司标志禁卫制度初步形成。海陵王时扩大禁卫规模,禁卫组织架构呈现多元趋势。世宗以降,殿前都点检司成为唯一禁卫机构。皇帝在宫时,殿前都点检总筹禁卫之事,其余禁卫人员分守内外。皇帝离宫时,仍由殿前都点检司主导禁卫,但禁卫运行面临较多挑战。禁卫制度的构建与运行模式从一个侧面反映了金朝的政治特点。

In the early period of the Jin Dynasty,some organizations or individuals had already assumed the duties of guards,but the system had not yet been formed.Xizong set up the Dianqiandudianjiansi to mark the initial formation of the guard system.During the period of King Hailing,the scale of the guards was expanded,and the guards organizations showed a diverse trend. Beginning in the period of King Sejong,the Dianqiandudianjiansi became the only guard institution.When the emperor was in the palace,all the guards were checked by Dianqiandudianjian,and the rest of the guards guarded the inside and outside.When the emperor left the palace,Dianqiandudianjiansi led the guard affairs,and the guard operation faced many challenges.The construction and operation mode of the Jin Dynasty's guard system reflected the political characteristics of the Jin Dynasty from one side.