中国产业政策演进与产业结构全面优化

The Evolution of China's Industrial Policy and the Comprehensive Optimization of the Industrial Structure

中国产业政策演进是否促进了产业结构全面优化是产业发展过程中的一个重要问题。新中国成立以来,在“一五”时期至“十四五”时期的“五年规划”中,先期产业政策和同期配套产业政策以及产业结构优化均呈现阶段性特征。研究发现,中国产业政策总体有利于产业结构全面优化,但各阶段产业结构的集中化、合理化、高级化、协同化、生态化程度存在一定差别。产业政策发挥的作用具有区域异质性,具体表现为:东部地区产业结构已基本实现全面优化,中部、西部和东北地区的产业结构优化状况不一。因此,从中国产业政策演进及作用机制看,中国先期产业政策应更加注重战略性和前瞻性;同期配套产业政策应进一步结合各地区的产业发展基础和优势,因地制宜精准施策;应建立产业政策预警体系。

Whether the evolution of China's industrial policy promotes the comprehensiveoptimization of industrial structure is an important issue in the process of industrial development.Since the establishment of People's Republic of China,during the period from the 1st to the 14th five-year plan,the former industrial policy information,the supporting industrial policies and the optimization of industrial structure,all have stage characteristics.It is found that China industrial policy is generally conducive to the comprehensive optimization of industrial structure.However,some differences exist in the degree of centralization,rationalization, advancement,synergy and ecology.The effect of industrial policy has regional heterogeneity,the eastern region almost has realized the comprehensive optimization of industrial structure,while the central region,the western region and the northeast region are different. Therefore,from the perspective of evolution and mechanism of China industrial policy,the former industrial policies should be more strategy and foresight,the supporting industrial policies should pay more attention to the industrial development foundation and advantages of each region,precise positioning according to local industry,an early warning system of industrial policy should be established too.