明代卫所制度与黔东地区的郡县化

The Wei-suo System in Ming Dynasty and the Transformation into Prefectures in Eastern Guizhou

为了控制地方,明朝推行卫所制度,在各地大量安插卫所屯堡。在黔东地区,洪武朝设置平溪、清浪、镇远、偏桥、铜鼓、五开等卫,插入思州、思南二宣慰司领地,改变了地方政治格局,为郡县体制的建立奠定了基础。永乐朝废除思州、思南二宣慰司,改设思南、石阡、乌罗、铜仁、思州、镇远、新化、黎平等府,正式启动了郡县化。卫所的开拓和经营,加强了控制,加快了地方熟化,为改土归流创造了条件。清初大行改制,改并卫所,郡县化最终完成。

In order to control the local areas,the Ming Dynasty implemented Wei-suo system and planted a large number of Wei--suo and Tunpu in various places.The Hongwu Dynasty set up Pingxi,Qinglang,Zhenyuan,Pianqiao,Tonggu and Wukai Wei in Eastern Guizhou.They inserted into the territory of Sizhou and Sinan Chieftain,changed the local political situation and laid the foundation for the establishment of Prefectures system.The Yongle Dynasty abolished Sizhou and Sinan Chieftain,and divided them into Sinan,Shiqian,Wuluo,Tongren,Sizhou,Zhenyuan,Xinhua,and Liping Prefecture,officially starting the process of transformation into prefectures system.The operation of Wei-suo has strengthened the local control,accelerated the ripening of local areas,and created conditions for the reform of aboriginal chieftain.In the early Qing Dynasty,the imperial carried out a large-scale reform,abolished all the Wei-suo,marks the final establishment of the Prefectures system.