陈大文及其《楚辞串解》研究

Research on Chen Dawen and His Chuci Chuan Jie

陈大文《楚辞串解》是稀见的清代楚辞学著作。与陈大文生平相关的文献记载稀少,学术界对他知之甚少,且存在混淆同名者的情况。通过考辨史料,可以得知陈大文为清道光至光绪年间江西宁都州石城县人。陈大文《楚辞串解》一书体例特别,仅包含《离骚》《远游》《国殇》《礼魂》四篇,“串解”主要针对《离骚》一篇。他从宏观叙事的角度把《离骚》分为前路、正面、后路和总段四个部分,认为屈原是真正接续儒家圣人之道的传人,由此将《离骚》纳入温柔敦厚的诗教中,直接否定屈原有怨情。同时,陈大文还认为《招魂》是宋玉招其师屈原魂之作,并大贬宋玉“持禄保身”,有负良师。

Chen Dawen’s Chuci Chuan Jie is rare work on Chuci in the Qing Dynasty.Documents related to Chen Dawen’s life are scarce,and academic circles know very little about him.Besides,there are situations in which people have the same name as his,which is confusing.Careful research and identification of old historical data shows Chen Dawen was a native in Shicheng County,Ningdu Area,Jiangxi Province,who lived during the period from Dao Guang to Guang Xu of the Qing Dynasty.Chen Dawen’s Chuci Chuan Jie has a special style,which only contains four chapters:Li Sao,Yuan You,Guo Shang and Li Hun.The Chuan Jie is mainly aimed at Li Sao,and Chen Dawen divided "Li Sao" into four parts from the perspective of macro narration.Chen Dawen believes that Qu Yuan is the true successor of the Confucian sage,and thus includes Li Sao into the classification of gentle and honest poetry,directly denying Qu Yuan’s grievances.Chen Dawen believes that Zhao Hun is the work of Song Yu calling back his teacher Qu Yuan’s soul.