吴忠市畜禽养殖耕地承载力测算与评价

Measurement and Evaluation of the Bearing Capacity of the Cultivated Land Polluted by Livestock and Poultry Manure in Wuzhong City

为了合理规划畜禽养殖业发展布局,促进种养业良性循环发展,依据《宁夏统计年鉴2020》数据对吴忠市畜禽粪污耕地承载力进行测算,并对畜禽粪污环境污染预警进行分析评价。结果表明:以氮养分为基础,吴忠市最大畜禽粪污耕地承载力为367.31万头猪当量,其中利通区、红寺堡区、盐池县、同心县和青铜峡市最大畜禽粪污耕地承载量分别为9.22万头、45.60万头、53.04万头、162.92万头、96.53万头猪当量;吴忠市畜禽粪污耕地承载预警值为1.58,各区(市、县)预警值在0.49~24.18。以磷养分为基础,吴忠市最大畜禽粪污耕地承载力为1 441.55万头猪当量,其中利通区、红寺堡区、盐池县、同心县和青铜峡市最大畜禽粪污耕地承载量分别为226.76万头、213.24万头、96.51万头、468.00万头、437.03万头猪当量;吴忠市畜禽粪污耕地承载预警值为0.40,各区(市、县)预警值在0.17~1.25。可见,吴忠市耕地环境对畜禽粪便承载量承受程度普遍较严重,且畜禽粪便污染程度在空间分布上呈现不均匀分布。因此,本文提出通过优化种养结合和设置畜禽粪污耕地承载力预警来实现粪污资源化利用等建议。

In order to properly plan the development layout of livestock and poultry breeding industry and promote the virtuous cycle development of the breeding industry,the bearing capacity of the cultivated land polluted by the livestock and poultry manure has been measured according to the data from Ningxia Statistical Yearbook 2020,and the early warning of the pollution environment has also been analyzed and evaluated.The results indicated that,based on nitrogen nutrients,the carrying capacity of the largest livestock and poultry manure cultivated land was equivalent of 3.673 1 million pigs,of which the bearing capacities were 92 200,456 000,530 400,1 629 200,and 965 300 pig equivalents,in Litong District,Hongsibao District,Yanchi County,Tongxin County and Qingtongxia City,respectively.The early warning value of the livestock and poultry manure cultivated land was 1.58 in Wuzhong City,and it is between 0.49 and 24.18 in each district(county,city).Based on phosphorus nutrients,the bearing capacity of the largest livestock and poultry manure cultivated land was 14.415 5 million pig equivalents in Wuzhong City,of which they were 2 267 600,2 132 400,965 100,4 680 000,and 4 370 300 pig equivalents in Litong District,Hongsibao District,Yanchi County,Tongxin County and Qingtongxia City,respectively.The early warning value was 0.40 in Wuzhong City,and it was between0.17 and 1.25 in each district(county,city).It can be found that the cultivated lands in Wuzhong City have been seriously polluted by the livestock and poultry manure,and the spatial distribution of the pollution degree was uneven.Under such background,the combination and optimization of farming and animal husbandry and the setting of early warning values for cultivated lands were put forward to realize the utilization of manure resources.