用于氢、电转换与存储的功能性硼氢化物

Functional Applications of Borohydrides for Hydrogen or Electricity Conversion and Storage

面向“碳中和”重大战略需求,发展可再生二次能源成为我国重要能源战略举措。然而,如何实现氢能和电能的高效存储与转换成为当前制约二次能源规模化应用的“瓶颈”。其中,寻找和开发合适的轻质载体材料是关键。硼氢化物大多属于含共价键的离子型配位化合物,热力学稳定性高,易发生多晶型转变,具有离子电导特性,其高温相的离子迁移率接近常用的液态有机电解质,同时还具有较高的含氢量和大量氢键,因而在二次能源的存储与转换过程中可发挥多重载体作用。概述了硼氢化物在固态储氢、水解制氢、全固态电池和太阳能电池方面的功能性应用,重点讨论了其制备方法、微观结构和性能改善机制,旨在明确硼氢化物在能源存储与转换中存在的关键问题及可能的解决途径。

In response to the major national strategy of “carbon neutral”, developing the renewable secondary energy has become an important measure in China. However, how to realize the efficient storage and conversion of hydrogen and electric energy has been the bottleneck that restricts the large-scale application of secondary energy at present. The key is to find and develop the suitable lightweight carrier materials. Most borohydrides are ionic coordination compounds containing covalent bonds. They have high thermodynamics stability, ionic conductivity characteristics and are easy to undergo polymorphic transformation. Especially, their high temperature ionic conductivity is close to that of conventional liquid electrolytes. Moreover, due to the high content of hydrogen and hydrogen bonds, they can play multi-carrier roles in the storage and conversion of secondary energy. This review summarizes the functional applications of borohydride in solid-state hydrogen storage, hydrolytic hydrogen production, all-solid-state batteries and solar cells focousing on their preparation, microstructures and performance improvement mechanisms, which aims at clarifying the key problems and possible solutions in energy storage and conversion.