“一带一路”沿线国家卫生资源配置状况分析

Analysis on Health Resource Allocation in Countries Along the Belt and Road

目的:分析“一带一路”沿线国家卫生资源配置状况,总结卫生资源配置空间分布情况及特征。方法:选取卫生费用、卫生人力与设施、海外卫生援助3个方面的指标,对“一带一路”沿线的64个国家的卫生资源配置状况进行空间分布分析、全局空间自相关分析以及热点分析。结果:卫生资源的空间分布方面,总体呈现由北至南逐渐降低的趋势。空间自相关分析结果显示6个指标存在显著的空间正相关性,其中每千人口拥有医院床位数的Moran’s I为0.445(Z=10.988,P<0.01),空间聚集性最强。热点分析结果显示卫生资源分布的热点区域主要集中在中东欧地区,冷点区域主要集中在南亚与东南亚地区。结论:“一带一路”沿线国家的卫生资源配置状况呈现空间分布上的不均衡,南亚地区资源投入尤其不足;相邻国家的卫生资源配置存在明显的空间聚集性;南亚与东南亚地区对海外卫生援助的依赖性较强。

Objective: To analyze the allocation of health resources in the countries along the Belt and Road and summarize the spatial distribution and characteristics of health resource allocation in the countries along the Belt and Road. Methods: The three categories of health expenditures, health manpower and facilities, and foreign health assistance were selected. The spatial distribution analysis, global spatial autocorrelation analysis and hotspot analysis were conducted for the health resource allocation of 64 countries along the Belt and Road. Results: In terms of the spatial distribution of health resources, the overall trend was gradually decreasing from north to south. The result of spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that 6 indicators had significant spatial positive correlation. For the number of hospital beds per 1000 population, Moran’s I was 0.445(Z=10.988,P<0.01). It had the strongest spatial agglomeration. The result of hot spot analysis showed that hot spots mainly distributed in central and eastern Europe and cold spots mainly distributed in south and southeast Asia. Conclusion: The spatial distribution of health resource allocation in the countries along the Belt and Road is uneven, and the resource investment of south Asia is especially insufficient. There is a significant spatial agglomeration effect in health resource allocation among neighboring countries. The countries in south and southeast Asia heavily rely on the foreign health assistance.