近代绅商家族的商业经营及其艰难转型:以湖州南浔刘氏为中心

The Commercial Management and Difficult Transformation of Gentry-merchants Family:Focused on the Liu Family in Nanxun, Huzhou

湖州南浔刘氏为近代著名绅商家族。19世纪40年代上海开埠后,刘氏家族起家于辑里湖丝贸易,后扩展家业至盐业、典业、地产业等各个领域。19世纪80年代以后,受国际贸易体系和国内生产结构影响,刘氏家族的商业资本加速流向近代工业、商贸业和金融业,但总体上仍然表现出以商业资本为主导的资本结构特点,并与传统经济形态保持着甚为紧密的关系。刘氏家族的个案反映出近代绅商阶层的经济近代化尚未获得充分、完全的发展,揭示了近代绅商阶层转化及其商业资本转化的过程的艰难。这两个转化过程,需要应对与近代社会生产结构、外国资本主义、本国官府势力和官僚资本等诸种复杂关系。

Liu family in Nanxun Huzhou was a famous gentry-merchants family in modern times. After the opening of Shanghai port in 1840s, Liu get started his business from Jili-Silk trade and expanded his family business to salt, pawn and real estate industries. After the 1880s, influenced by the international trade system and the domestic production structure, the commercial capital of the Liu family flowed to modern industry, commerce trade and finance, but on the whole, the majority of his business was dominated by commercial capital, and maintained a close relationship with the traditional economic form. The case of Liu family reflects that the economic modernization of gentry-merchants class has not been fully developed, and that the difficulties of the transformation of the gentry-merchants class and its commercial capital. These two transformation processes went through the complicated relations with social production structure, foreign capitalism, domestic government power and bureaucratic capital.