科技企业孵化器的跨时期运营绩效评价

Inter-temporal Performance Assessment of Science and Technology Business Incubators

本文将孵化器运营结构划分为“引入”和“孵化”两个串联子阶段,构建了一个动态两阶段SBM模型,将其应用于评价我国29个省份孵化器在2014-2018年的多周期经营绩效和各时期经营绩效,从多周期整体绩效、子阶段绩效和各时期经营绩效三个方面对我国29个省份孵化器的运营绩效进行了深入分析。并在多周期经营绩效测算的基础上,运用K-均值聚类分析方法将29个省份划分为四类;孵化器运营高效类、孵化器运营低效类、孵化器引入低效孵化高效类、孵化器引入高效孵化低效类,根据聚类结果提出相应的绩效提升策略。研究发现:(1)评价期内,我国孵化器整体绩效较低,省际间存在较大差异,且“引入”子阶段绩效低效是整.体绩效表现无效的主要原因;(2)2014-2018年,我国孵化器整体绩效均值先下降后上升,2016年最低,但东部、中部和西部各地区整体效率变动趋势形式不一;(3)孵化器运营高效类主要为东部省份,孵化器引入低效孵化高效类中中部省份占比最高,而西部地区省份在孵化器运营低效类中的比例最高。

In this paper,the operational process of business incubator is divided into introduction and incubation stages.Accordingly,we propose a dynamic model with two-stage structure to measure the overall efficiency,stage efficiency,period efficiency and period stage efficiency of business incubator in china during the period 2014-2018.Furthermore,we discuss the relationship of overall efficiency and stage efficiency,explore the reason that mainly cause the inefficiency,and analyze the variation trend of operational efficiency of business incubator in each province.Based on the stage efficiency during the whole period,the k-mean clustering method is used to divide the 29 provinces into 4 categories:high efficiency class of incubator operation,low efficiency class of incubator operation,low introduction efficiency and high incubation efficiency class of incubator operation,high introduction efficiency and low incubation efficiency class of incubator operation.Finally,some suggestions were proposed to improve the performance.The results show as follows:(1)The operation performance of science and technology business incubators in China is generally low and there are significant differences in different province,the inefficiency of technology business incubators is mainly caused by the lower efficiency scores in introduction stage.(2)The average period efficiency of technology business incubators decreases firstly,then increases later,and the incubators obtain the lowest efficiency scores in 2016.However,there exist great disparities among different incubators in eastern,central and western regions.(3)High efficiency class of incubator operation mainly composed by incubators in eastern provinces or cites,the proportion of incubators in central provinces is highest in low introduction efficiency and high incubation efficiency class of incubator operation,and the incubators in western provinces account for the highest proportion in low efficiency category of incubator operation.