民国初年科布多得失新探

A New Probe into the Gains and Losses of Kobdo in the Early Years of the Republic of China

科布多是漠北边疆重要的战略屏障,清廷平定准噶尔就是以科布多作为军事基地。1912年外蒙古宣布“独立”后派兵围攻科布多。新疆都督杨增新响应中央政府号召,对科布多进行了救援,但在派遣的援军到来之前,科布多便已失陷。其后科布多虽在外蒙古撤治后重归中国统治,但北洋政府的薄弱统治终究无法阻挡恩琴匪军的攻势,最终造成了科布多再度失陷。科布多的失陷不应简单成为一种历史记忆,更应吸取教训,除了发展边疆地区的生产力外,还应加强边疆地区制度建设,切实提高今日边疆治理的能力。

Kobuduo was an important strategic barrier of Mobei frontier,and it was used as a military base for the Qing Dynasty to suppress Junggar.When Outer Mongolia declared its “independence” in 1912,it sent troops to besiege Kobdor.Xinjiang’s governor,Yang Zengxin,responded to the central government’s call to rescue Kobdo,but the town fell before reinforcements arrived.After the removal of Outer Mongolia,kobdo was returned to China’s rule,but the weak rule of the Beiyang government could not stop the offensive of Enqin bandits,which finally caused the fall of Corbudo again.The fall of Cobudo should not simply become a historical memory,but we should draw lessons from it.In addition to developing the productive forces of the border areas,we should also strengthen the system construction of the border areas,so as to effectively improve the governance capacity of today’s border areas.