“一人分饰多角”:中小学校园安全事件应急处置中班主任的角色分配与行为研究

“One Person Playing Multiple Roles”:A Study on the Role Allocation and Behavior of Class Directors in Emergency Response to Campus Security Incidents in Primary and Secondary Schools

应急处置中行动者与系统的关系影响应急处置效果。基于47个中小学校园安全处置案例的质化分析,本文探讨中小学班主任在校园安全事件应急处置中的角色分配与行为。研究发现:班主任是校园应急处置系统的重要行动者,承担着风险监测者、紧急处理者、风险协调者、舆论引导者等应急角色。班主任的角色分配与应急处置行为呈现“一人分饰多角”的治理关系。应急处置的即时反应阶段,班主任作为风险监测者开展信息沟通行为;应急处置的中期应对阶段,班主任分饰紧急处置者与舆论引导者两种角色,主要执行应急协作行为;应急处置的善后处理阶段,班主任作为风险协调者实施信息评估行为。应急处置过程中班主任的应急行为受专业能力需求、规范化处置要求、注意力分配差异等因素影响。研究的政策启示是,需要明晰班主任在校园应急处置中的角色与职责、建构集成高效的校园应急处置系统以及提升班主任参与校园应急处置的专业能力。由于存在缺乏“反向”案例样本的证伪、缺少环境变量分析等研究局限,尚待从提升案例研究质量、评估行动者应急决策与执行行为间关系等方面进行理论拓展。

The relationship between actors and system in emergency disposal affects the effect of emergency disposal.Based on the qualitative analysis of 47 primary and secondary school campus safety disposal cases,this paper discusses the role allocation and behavior of primary and secondary school head teachers in campus safety emergency disposal.It is found that the head teacher is an important actor in the campus emergency response system,undertaking the emergency roles of risk monitor,emergency handler,risk coordinator,public opinion guide and so on.The role allocation of head teachers and emergency response behavior show a governance relationship of“one person plays multiple roles”.In the immediate response stage of emergency disposal,the head teacher carries out information communication as a risk monitor;In the medium-term response stage of emergency response,the head teacher plays two roles:emergency responder and public opinion guide,mainly performing emergency cooperation;In the posttreatment stage of emergency disposal,the head teacher acts as a risk coordinator to implement information assessment.In the process of emergency disposal,the head teacher’s emergency behavior is affected by professional ability needs,standardized disposal requirements,attention distribution differences and other factors.The policy enlightenment of the research is that it is necessary to clarify the roles and responsibilities of head teachers in campus emergency response,construct an integrated and efficient campus emergency response system,and improve the professional ability of head teachers to participate in campus emergency response.Due to the research limitations such as the lack of falsification of“reverse”case samples and the lack of analysis of environmental variables,it is necessary to expand the theory from the aspects of improving the quality of case research and considering the relationship between actors’emergency decision-making and executive behavior.