城市复合型突发事件应急救援组织合作研究——以新冠肺炎疫情期间泉州“3·7”坍塌事故为例

Urban Compound Emergency Rescue Organization Cooperation--Taking“3·7”Collapse in Quanzhou During the COVID-19 Epidemic as an Example

随着我国城市安全风险种类不断增加,城市突发事件不再完全以独立形式出现,城市复合型突发事件应急救援逐步成为常态。本文运用社会网络分析方法,构建了应急救援“组织机构-救援职能”2-模网络与组织机构合作网络,分析了网络中应急救援组织与应急救援职能的类型与分布,识别了组织合作网络的网络结构和各类应急组织在救援网络中的角色与定位。在此基础上,就应急组织间的跨界与平行两类互动关系进行了考察,并探究了各类应急组织在合作网络中对网络稳定性的影响水平。研究表明:各类应急组织在应急救援合作中扮演着不同角色,依据各类组织的功能定位定向赋予其救援资源和保障资源,有助于提高应急救援整体效率。同时,引导边缘应急组织参与、强化应急组织间合作、保持中介应急组织连通将是提升应急救援整体效能的重要手段。进而,从协作机制保障、指挥架构协调、力量整合部署、资源统筹配置四个方面对城市复合型突发事件应急救援体系的完善与优化提出了对策建议。

With the continuous increase in the types of urban security risks in China,there is no longer appearing completely in an independent form of urban emergencies.Emergency rescue of urban compound emergencies has gradually become the norm.Taking the“3·7”collapse accident in Quanzhou during the COVID-19 Epidemic as an example,social network analysis methods were used in this article.Emergency rescue“organization-rescue function”2-model network and organization cooperation network was constructed.The types and distribution of rescue organizations and emergency rescue functions were analyzed.The network structure of organizational cooperation networks,the roles and positioning of various emergency organizations in emergency rescue networks were identified.On this basis,the cross-border and parallel interactions between emergency organizations were examined.And the level of influence of various emergency organizations on the stability of the network in the cooperation network was explored.Research shows that:various emergency organizations play different roles in emergency rescue cooperation.According to the functional positioning of various organizations,the rescue resources and guarantee resources are assigned to them,which could help to improve the overall efficiency of emergency rescue.At the same time,guiding fringe emergency organizations to participate,strengthening cooperation between emergency organizations,and maintaining the connectivity of intermediary emergency organizations will be the important measures to improve the overall effectiveness of emergency rescue.And then,countermeasures and suggestions were put forward for the improvement and optimization of the urban compound emergency rescue system from four aspects:cooperation mechanism guarantee,command structure coordination,force integration deployment,and resource overall allocation.