从古地名看排湾语tj、dj的音变和南北方言的形成

The Variation of tj and dj in Paiwan(排湾)from the Perspective of Old Tribal Names and the Formation of North/South Dialects

排湾语是分布在台湾南部的一种南岛语,分为南北两大方言,划分的标准是tj、dj的读音,北部方言为塞音,南部方言为塞擦音。文章根据荷兰殖民时期、清朝统治时期、日本殖民时期留下的地名资料,推测南北方言分化的时间。文献显示,在荷兰殖民、清朝统治期间的排湾地名中,现代的南部方言仍为塞音;而在日本殖民时期则已全部变为塞擦音,因此分化时间应在清朝统治台湾的两百年间,排湾语南部方言tj、dj逐渐由塞音变为塞擦音,分化至日本殖民时期大致完成。

Paiwan(排湾)is an Austronesian language spoken in southern Taiwan(台湾),which is divided into North and South dialects,based on the pronunciation of tj and dj:For the North it is a plosive while the South affricate.This paper is to speculate the period when the dialectal split occurred based on the historical materials of old Paiwan(排湾)tribal names left from the period of Dutch colonization,Qing(清)governance and Japanese colonization.It is demonstrated from the historical materials that the South dialect still kept the plosive in Dutch colonization and Qing(清)governance while it generally turned into affricate in Japanese colonization period.That is to say the split of North/South dialect in Paiwan(排湾)began during the 200 years of Qing(清)governance that tj and dj of South dialect gradually changed from plosive into affricate and finished in Japanese colonization period.