上古汉语违实条件句违实因素及句法论析

An Analysis of the Factors and Syntax of the Condition Sentence of Non-truth in Ancient Chinese

违实条件句的成立由偏句、主句命题为假决定。多样的违实因素,如条件连词、语气词、语气副词、否定词、动词性明显条件连词、双音节条件连词、时间词及虚假义“假”等构成的违实条件句,具有不同的句法语义特征,但仅仅使违实语义更加明晰。总的来说,违实因素并不起到决定性的作用;可以位于句首、谓语前和句尾三个位置;常叠加使用;违实条件句具有过去、现在和将来三个时制特征,且主句常使用反问句式等。

The establishment of the conditional sentence is decided by the partial sentence and the proposition of the main sentence as false. A variety of non-truth-defying factors, such as conditional conjunction, modal particle, modal adverb, negative word, verb obvious conditional conjunction, disyllabic conditional conjunction,time word and false meaning “False”, etc., it has different syntactic and semantic features, but it only makes the meaning of disconfirmation more clear. Generally speaking, the factor of non-truth does not play a decisive role;it can be placed at the beginning of a sentence, before a predicate and at the end of a sentence;it is often used in combination;and the conditional sentence of non-truth has the characteristics of past, present and future tense systems, and the main clause often uses the question pattern and so on.