基于梵汉对勘的东汉译经中连词“亦”的再考

The Study of the Conjunction Yi(亦)in the Chinese Translation Buddhist Scripture of Eastern Han(汉)Dynasty Based on the Comparison Between Chinese and Sanskrit

东汉译经中连词“亦”的语法意义十分复杂,具体表现为:(1)作为并列连词,义为“和”;(2)作为选择连词,义为“或”;(3)作为假设连词,义为“若”。基于梵汉对勘,发现并列连词“亦”对应梵文“ca”或巴利文相违释复合词,而选择连词“亦”对应梵文“vā”。怀疑“亦”的并列连词和选择连词用法是语言接触下的语义“移植”的结果。

The function of the conjunction yi(亦)is complicated in the Chinese translation Buddhist scripture of Eastern Han(汉)dynasty.Firstly,as a coordinate conjunction,the meaning of yi(亦)is"and".Secondly,as an alternative conjunction,the meaning of yi(亦)is"or".Thirdly,as a hypothetic conjunction,it means"if".Based on the comparison between Chinese and Sanskrit,it is found that the coordinate conjunction yi(亦)corresponds to the Sanskrit"ca"and Pāli Dvandva compounds,while the alternative conjunction yi(亦)corresponds to the Sanskrit"vā".It is suspected that the coordinate conjunctions and the alternative conjunction are the result of semantic transplantation of conjunctions under language contact.