基于Anybody的足球运动员大角度侧切下肢生物力学仿真分析

Biomechanical Simulation Analysis of Football Players’ Large-Angle Side Cutting based on Anybody

目的:对足球运动员大角度(135°、180°)侧切下肢运动学、动力学、肌肉活动度以及肌肉受力进行分析,探讨大角度侧切下肢膝关节损伤风险,通过比较不同角度侧切生物力学特征,为足球侧切防伤训练方案的制定提供理论依据。方法:招募12名男性足球二级运动员,运用Vicon三维动作捕捉系统、Kistler三维测力台同步采集受试者135°、180°侧切的下肢运动学、动力学数据。通过Anybody逆动力学计算,获取并分析膝关节力矩以及下肢主要肌群肌肉活动度和肌肉受力,同时采用Noraxon表面肌电同步采集运动过程中电生理学数据,以验证模型的有效性。结果:(1)135°、180°侧切肌肉活性仿真结果与表面肌电肌肉活性具有高度相关性(R>0.75)。(2)与135°侧切相比,180°侧切膝关节屈曲触地时刻(initial contact,IC)角变大,膝关节屈曲最大角变大(P<0.05);髋关节屈曲/伸展IC角、内旋/外旋IC角变小(P<0.05);髋关节外展/内收IC角无显著性差异(P>0.05);180°和135°侧切踝关节跖屈/背伸IC角无显著性差异(P>0.05);与135°侧切相比,180°侧切完成时间增加(P<0.05)。(3)与135°侧切相比,180°侧切水平地面反作用力(HGRF)峰值变大(P<0.05),垂直地面反作用力(VGRF)峰值无显著性差异,膝关节内/外翻力矩峰值和伸/屈膝力矩峰值无显著性差异;与135°侧切相比,180°侧切内/外旋力矩峰值减小(P<0.05)。(4)135°侧切与180°侧切腓肠肌外侧头、胫骨前肌、腓骨短肌、股外侧肌、半腱肌、阔筋膜张肌肌肉活动度均超过1;与135°侧切相比,180°侧切腓骨短肌、梨状肌肌肉活动度降低,且梨状肌肌肉活动度小于1(P<0.05),缝匠肌、长收肌肌肉活动度增高,但并未超过1;两种角度侧切时下肢相关肌肉除股二头肌长头和大收肌受力有显著性差异外,其他肌肉受力无显著性差异。结论:运用Anybody仿真分析侧切可行、有效;随着侧切角度增大,人体需要更长的缓冲时间、更大的屈膝角度以吸收冲击。大角度侧切属于高损伤风险动作,其易损伤肌肉为腓肠肌外侧头、胫骨前肌、腓骨短肌、股外侧肌、半腱肌、阔筋膜张肌,进行足球防伤训练时应重点加强。

Objective To analyze the kinematics,dynamics,muscle activity and muscle strength of lower limbs during football players’ side cutting at a large angle(135°,180°) to explore the risk of knee joint injury,and to compare the biomechanical characteristics of side cutting at different angles so as to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention related injury. Methods Twelve male second-level football players were recruited,and their kinematic and dynamic data of lower limbs during 135°and 180° side cutting were collected synchronously by using the Vicon three-dimensional motion capture system and Kistler three-dimensional force measuring platform. The knee torque,muscle activity and muscle strength of the main muscle groups of lower limbs were obtained and analyzed by Anybody inverse dynamics calculation. Meanwhile,the Noraxon surface electromyography was used to collect electrophysiological data synchronously to verify the effectiveness of the model. Results(1)There was a high correlation between the muscle activity simulation results of 135° and 180° side cutting and surface electromyography muscle activity(R>0.75).(2)Compared with the 135° side cutting,the180° side cutting had a larger initial contact(IC) angle and a bigger maximum angle of the knee flexion(P<0.05),but a smaller one of hip flexion/extension and internal/external rotation(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the IC angle of the hip abduction/adduction and plantar flexion/dorsiflexion between 180°and 135°side cutting(P>0.05). Compared with the 135° side cutting,it took longer time to finish the 180° side cutting(P<0.05).(3)Compared with the 135° side cutting,there was a significant increase in the peak horizontal ground reaction force(HGRF) and a significant decrease in the internal/external rotation peak torque of 180° side cutting, but no significant differences in the peak vertical ground reaction force(VGRF) and the peak torque of the knee varus/valgum and the knee extension/flexion(P<0.05).(4)The activity of gastrocnemius lateralis, tibialis anterior, peroneus brevis, vastus lateralis, semitendinosus and tensor fasciae latae were more than 1 during 135° and180° side cutting. Compared with 135° side cutting,the activity of peroneus brevis and piriformis decreased in 180° side cutting,with that of piriformis less than 1(P<0.05). The activity of sartorius and adductor longus increased,but not more than 1. There was no significant difference in the strength of lower limb muscles except the biceps femoris caput longum and the adductor magnus between the two side cuttings of different angles. Conclusion It is feasible and effective to use Anybody simulation to analyze the side cutting. With the increase of the side cutting angle,the human body needs longer buffer time and greater knee flexion angle to absorb the impact. Therefore,large-angle side cutting is a high-risk action of injury and the most vulnerable muscles are the gastrocnemius lateralis,tibialis anterior, peroneus brevis, vastus lateralis, semitendinosus and tensor fasciae latae. Such muscles should be focused during the football injury prevention training.