有氧运动对女性甲基苯丙胺成瘾者注意偏向影响的电生理特征

Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Attentional Bias towards Methamphetamine Cues among Female Methamphetamine Addicts and Their Electrophysiological Characteristics

目的:探讨有氧运动对女性甲基苯丙胺成瘾者毒品线索注意偏向的影响及大脑电生理特点。方法:将64名女性甲基苯丙胺成瘾者随机分为康复操组、自行车组和对照组。康复操组和自行车组分别进行中等强度的戒毒康复操和功率自行车有氧运动干预,同时对照组静坐休息。在干预前后进行点探测任务测试注意偏向分数,同步记录大脑事件相关电位数据。结果:(1)经有氧运动干预后,康复操组和自行车组注意偏向分数显著低于干预前,对照组变化不显著。(2)在运动干预前,三组被试一致条件下的N170、P2、N2波幅均显著大于不一致条件。经戒毒康复操运动干预后,成瘾者注意偏向过程中的N170、P2和N2成分波幅显著降低,一致和不一致条件下的波幅差异消失;经功率自行车运动后,成瘾者的P2和N2成分波幅在一致和不一致条件下无显著差异;对照组经静坐后,在一致条件下的N170、P2和N2波幅依旧显著高于不一致条件。结论:(1)有氧运动可提升甲基苯丙胺成瘾者的注意抑制功能,并减少对毒品线索过度的注意维持,从而降低成瘾者对毒品线索的注意偏向行为。(2)戒毒康复操运动可改善成瘾者对毒品线索的早期识别过程,并且戒毒康复操和功率自行车运动均可减弱先前服用毒品记忆对成瘾者注意选择的影响,同时通过加强对注意力的控制来改善注意偏向行为。该研究成果为有氧运动改善女性甲基苯丙胺成瘾者对毒品线索的注意偏向提供了理论和实证依据。

Objective To explore the effect of the aerobic exercise on attentional bias towards methamphetamine cues of female methamphetamine addicts and their electrophysiological characteristics.Methods Sixty-four female methamphetamine addicts were randomized into a rehabilitation dance exercises group,a bicycling group and a control group. The rehabilitation dance exercises group and bicycling group underwent rehabilitation dance exercises and power cycling respectively,while the control group sat still. The attentional bias was measured by the dot-probe task and the event-related potentials were recorded during the task before and after the intervention. Results The average attentional bias score decreased significantly after the intervention in all groups except the control group. The amplitudes of N170,P2 and N2 in consistent conditions were significantly higher than those in inconsistent conditions before the intervention. However, after the intervention, the amplitudes of the N170, P2 and N2 decreased significantly in the attentional bias process,and the difference in amplitudes under consistent and inconsistent conditions disappeared in the rehabilitation dance exercises group. After power cycling exercises,there was no significant difference in P2 and N2 amplitudes between under consistent and inconsistent conditions. However,the amplitudes of N170,P2 and N2 in consistent conditions were still significantly higher than in inconsistent conditions in the control group. Conclusion The aerobic exercise reduces attentional bias towards methamphetamine cues of methamphetamine addicts by improving their attentional inhibition and reducing extra attention to drug cues. The rehabilitation dance exercises can enhance early identification of drug cues,and both exercises can reduce influence of previous drug use and improve the attentional bias through the control of attention. These results provide theoretical and empirical evidences for bettering the attentional bias of drug cues among female methamphetamine addicts by doing aerobic exercise.