射箭运动员开弓阶段动作表面肌电特征研究

Study on the Surface Electro Myoelectric Characteristics of Archers in Bow Firing

目的:通过对山西省优秀射箭运动员开弓阶段各肌肉表面肌电信号进行数据分析,探究在开弓阶段射箭运动员肌肉用力特征与各部位肌肉的协作关系以及运动员射多支箭的动作一致性,从而为射箭运动员掌握更科学的训练提供一定的依据。方法:采用美国产Noraxon表面肌电测试仪和摄像机同步测试手段对射箭时开弓阶段动作肌电进行采集,选取标准化平均值、动作一致性为研究指标。结果表明:(1)阶段内,两侧三角肌后束发力程度最高,持弓侧84.04%,拉弓侧64.06%,且稳定性较好;(2)所测7名运动员在右侧背阔肌、左侧三角肌后束、左侧斜方肌、左侧竖脊肌四块肌肉的动作一直性较好,均低于10%。结论:(1)开弓阶段,三角肌后束在维持持弓侧稳定以及拉弓侧发力均匀的作用上最明显,稳定性最好;(2)阶段内拉弓侧肌肉发力不合理,三角肌后束承担较多负荷,在训练中应加强斜方肌、背阔肌的力量训练以及发力稳定性;(3)通过动作一致性指标分析,运动员持弓侧肌肉动作一致性要稍好于拉弓侧。

Objective:through to the Shanxi Province outstanding archers drew his stage each muscle for data analysis,multi-channel semg exploring stage in drew his archery athletes muscle force characteristic and the cooperation of the various parts of the body as well as athletes shoot arrow moves more consistency,thus for archers to master more scientific training to provide a certain basis.Methods:Noraxon surface electromyography tester and camera were used to collect electromyography in the bow opening stage of archery.The results showed that:(1) in the stage,both sides of the deltoid muscle after the hair beam force degree is the highest,the bow holding side 84.04%,the bow pulling side 64.06%,and the stability is good.(2) the movement uniformity of the right latissimus dorsi,the left posterior band of the deltoid,the left trapezius,and the left erector ridge muscles of the 7 athletes was better than 10%.Conclusion:(1) in the arch drawing stage,the posterior deltoid tract plays the most obvious and stable role in maintaining the stability of the bow holding side and the uniform force of the bow pulling side.(2) during the stage,the muscles of the side of the bow are not able to exert reasonable force,and the posterior band of the deltoid bears too much load.Strength training of the trapezius and latissimus dorsi and the stability of the force should be strengthened in the training.(3) through the analysis of the movement consistency index,the movement consistency of the muscles on the bow-holding side is slightly better than that on the bow-pulling side.