人工智能时代围棋文化的危机与价值重构

Crisis and Value Reconstruction of Weiqi Culture in the Era of Artificial Intelligence

当人工智能在围棋领域“完胜”人类之后,围棋的竞技功能被不断放大,而其文化属性反而被遮蔽了。一味强调人类如何被机器“碾压”,这是基于一种非此即彼的对抗关系,它的实质是“竞技至上论”与“技术决定论”的产物。“人机对抗”片面强调围棋之术,它试图将围棋之术从围棋之道中剥离出来,引发了围棋文化的价值分裂。若追溯围棋文化的本源,就必须回归以主体为中心的“道术合一”的理念,这一理念的核心强调技(技艺)、戏(游戏)、艺(艺术)、道(哲学)这四者之间的相互作用,它们共同构成了围棋文化的价值内涵。在人工智能时代,“道术合一”这一理念有助于在人类与机器之间找到新的平衡点,使其从“人机对抗”迈向“人机协作”。唯有从“人机协作”的前提出发,围棋才能够在竞技性与非竞技性之间获得相对平衡,使其在智能化时代真正实现人文价值与实用价值的有机统一。

After artificial intelligence has completely defeated the leading world champions at the weiqi game, the competitive function of weiqi has been continuously magnified, while its cultural attributes have been obscured instead. The emphasis solely on how human players are “beaten” by the machine with artificial intelligence is based on confrontational relationship of either this or that, and its essence is the product of “competition supremacy” and “technical determinism”. “Man-machine confrontation” focuses solely on the techniques of weiqi game. It tries to separate the technique of weiqi from the Dao of weiqi game, which leads to the value split of weiqi culture. If we trace the origin of the weiqi culture, we must return to the subject-centered concept of “the Dao and technique in one”. The core of this concept emphasizes interaction between skills, games, art, and Tao(philosophy). They constitute the value connotation of weiqi culture. In the era of artificial intelligence, the concept of “the Dao and technique in one” is helpful to find a new balance between human and machine, and make it move from “man-machine confrontation” to “man-machine collaboration”. Only from the premise of “man-machine collaboration” can weiqi achieve a relative balance between its competitive nature and non-competitive nature, and realize the organic unity of humanistic value and practical value in the age of artificial intelligence.