国内外扭力冲击器的研究现状及展望

Research Status and Prospect of Torsion Impactor at Home and Abroad

通过调研国内外文献,介绍了当前扭力冲击器技术发展应用现状,阐述了扭力冲击器+PDC钻头在破碎硬度大、研磨性高的岩层时存在的问题,给出了该技术的发展建议。通过分析和研究国内外扭力冲击技术优缺点,为提高我国在超深井复杂地质构造领域油气勘探开发速度提出合理化建议。针对不同原理的扭力冲击器在现场应用过程中发现的问题和存在的缺陷,通过分析工具的内部结构、运动机理,结合泥浆体系、岩石特性等井下环境,确定影响工具性能优劣的主要原因。涡轮型扭力冲击器存在效率低、易损坏的特点;旋转冲击式装置实用性较差;以Tork Buster为代表的流道交替型扭力冲击器工作性能最为突出,但对钻遇地层、泥浆体系、钻头匹配性有一定要求。纯径向扭击及内部复杂结构限制了流道交替型扭冲性能提高,后续研究可沿增添工具轴向振荡方向和简化工具内部结构,增强适用性。

Through the investigation of domestic and foreign literature, this paper introduces the development and application status of the current torsion impactor technology, expounds the problems existing in the torsion impactor + PDC bit in breaking rock formations with high hardness and high abrasiveness, and gives suggestions for the development of this technology. By analyzing and studying the advantages and disadvantages of torsional shock technology at home and abroad, it provides reasonable suggestions for improving the speed of oil and gas exploration and development in the field of complex geological structures in ultra-deep wells in my country. In view of the problems and defects found in the field application of torsional impactors of different principles, the main reasons affecting the performance of the tool are determined by analyzing the internal structure, motion mechanism, mud system, rock properties and other downhole environments of the tool. Turbine torsion impactor has the characteristics of low efficiency and easy damage. Rotary impact devices are less practical. The alternating flow channel torsion impactor represented by TorkBuster has the most outstanding working performance, but it has certain requirements on the drilling stratum, mud system and bit matching.Pure radial torsion and internal complex structure limit the performance improvement of alternating flow channel torsion.Subsequent research will increase the axial oscillation direction of the tool and simplify the internal structure of the tool to enhance the applicability.