川西北安多藏式民居的结构特点及抗震性能

Structural features and seismic performance of Tibet and wellings in Amdo,Northwest Sichuan

传统安多地区藏式民居历史悠久,建筑特色鲜明,建造材料和建造工艺相对原始,川西北地区发生的几次地震中其抗震表现参差不齐。为了提高安多地区藏民的居住安全性,本文基于现场调研和文献资料分析,全面梳理了该地区民居的结构组成和构造特点,结合九寨沟地震中安多民居的震害特点和易损性特征,剖析了其抗震性能。研究表明:该类民居的建筑结构兼具藏式碉楼和汉式穿斗木构架的特征,易损性接近砖混结构;分层建造方式削弱结构竖向整体连续性,客观上通过层间错动有助于提高抗震耗能能力;结构体系混杂、砌筑墙体强度低、节点抗震性能不佳和楼屋盖自重大是其抗震主要薄弱环节。建议在保留建筑风貌的基础上优化结构体系,加强抗震连接构造,引入装配式建筑理念。

The traditional Tibetan dwellingsin Amdo area have a long history,distinctive architectural characteristics,relatively primitive construction materials and construction technology.However,their seismic performance is not ideal in several earthquakes of Northwest Sichuan. To improve the residential safety of AmdoTibetan,based on field investigation and literature analysis,the structural characteristics of dwellings in this area were comprehensively sorted out,and schematic diagrams of their structural composition were given. Combined with the seismic damage characteristics and vulnerability characteristics of Amdo dwellings in Jiuzhaigou earthquake,the weak links and advantagesof seismic design were analyzed.It is recommended to optimize the structural system on the basis of retaining the architectural style,strengthen the seismic connection structure,and introduce the prefabricated building concept.