美国高质量学前融合教育指标体系的解读及启示

Interpretation and Enlightenment of “High-quality Inclusive Preschool Education Indicators System” in the United States

推进学前融合教育是世界各国发展特殊教育、保障教育公平的必然选择。2020年美国出台的高质量学前融合教育指标体系秉承“评估促进质量提升”的基本逻辑,构筑起涵盖州政府、社区、地方项目、早期保育和教育环境的“四维三级”学前融合教育综合治理体系。它号召全社会多主体参与,形成多层评估的合力机制;致力于大数据平台建设;聚焦融合课程教学服务;重视学前融合环境创设。美国高质量学前融合教育指标体系对当前我国学前融合教育建立本土化质量评估框架、建设数据库、加强课程建设、致力于文化和物理层面的双重无障碍建设等具有借鉴意义。

Promoting preschool inclusive education has become an inevitable choice for countries all over the world to develop special education and ensure educational equity. Adhering to the basic logic of “evaluation promotes quality improvement”, the “high-quality inclusive preschool education indicators system” in the United States which was launched in 2020 has built a “fourdimensional and three-level” inclusive preschool education management system covering state governments, communities, local program, early care and education environment. It calls for the participation of multiple subjects in the whole society to form a joint force mechanism of multi-level evaluation, is committed to the construction of big data platforms and promoting the evidence-based evaluation process, focuses on curriculum teaching services and establishment of the quality baseline of preschool integration, and pays attention to the creation of a good integration environment. The “high-quality preschool inclusive education indicators system” in the United States has practical enlightening significance for the current development of preschool inclusive education in China, such as developing the quality evaluation framework of local preschool inclusive education, building a preschool inclusive education database, strengthening the curriculum construction of preschool inclusive education, and being committed to the dual barrier free construction at the cultural and physical levels.