单磷酸腺苷激活的蛋白激酶(AMPK):能量、葡萄糖感受器和代谢性疾病治疗靶标

Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK):an energy and glucose sensor and a therapeutic target in metabolic disease

代谢是一切生物体最基本的特征,单磷酸腺苷激活的蛋白激酶(AMPK)是机体内最重要的代谢调控蛋白之一.它在机体能量水平下降时被激活,通过磷酸化一系列下游因子促进分解代谢、抑制合成代谢,从而维持能量平衡.AMPK作为感知者和调节者,既能感受并维持代谢稳态,也能通过对代谢的“纠偏”缓解由代谢紊乱引起的糖尿病、脂肪肝等典型代谢性疾病症状;而在更长时间尺度下调控AMPK,则可以延缓衰老、延长寿命.AMPK的这些功能和优势使其成为许多代谢疾病的重要靶标之一,并将有助于提升人类健康和生活质量.

Metabolism is an essential character in all living organisms,with one of the most important metabolic regulatory proteins being the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK).Once activated under low energy conditions,AMPK phosphorylates multiple targets to inhibit anabolism and stimulate catabolism,thereby maintaining energy homeostasis.As a sensor and regulator,AMPK not only senses and maintains the metabolic homeostasis,but also fine-tunes metabolic pathways in response to nutrient availability,thereby alleviating symptoms in typical diseases such as typeⅡdiabetes and fatty liver etc.caused by metabolic disorders.It is also suggested that prolonged regulation of AMPK delays aging and extends lifespan.These roles and advantages confer AMPK an important therapeutic target for a number of metabolic diseases,which will help to improve human health and life quality.