“双减”背景下作业设计:理据与路径

Effective Operation Design in the "Double Subtraction" Pattern:Rationale and Paths

对中小学作业的治理一直是基础教育改革中的重点与难点,在“双减”背景下进行有效作业设计是实现“减负增效”的重要途径之一。在传统教学中,中小学作业设计存在着以“布置”代替“设计”、以“数量”代替“质量”、以“对错”代替“反馈”等表现。而要想解决这些问题,在理论上应清楚有效作业设计要立足于课程标准、教材、学情等理据以及其包括目标、内容、结构与评价四个核心要素。在教育实践场域,教师应建立层级递推的有效作业目标体系、贴合学生的有效作业内容体系、整体协同的有效作业结构体系和及时反馈的有效作业评价体系。

The governance of primary and secondary school homework has always been the key point in the reform of basic education,and effective homework design in the context of "double subtraction" is one of the important ways to achieve "burden reduction and efficiency".In traditional teaching,primary and secondary school homework design has the performance of replacing "design" with "layout",replacing "quality" with "quantity",and replacing "feedback" with "right and wrong".In order to solve these problems,it should be clear in theory that effective homework design should be based on the curriculum standards,teaching materials,learning conditions and other rationale,as well as its four core elements including objectives,content,structure and evaluation.In the field of educational practice,teachers should establish an effective homework target system with hierarchical recursion,an effective homework content system that fits students,an effective homework structure system for overall coordination,and an effective homework evaluation system for timely feedback.