东亚生产型福利模式视角下的韩国就业保险制度及其逆周期调节机制研究

The ROK’s Employment Insurance System and Its Counter-cyclical Adjustment Mechanism from the Perspective of East Asian Productivist Welfare Model

伴随着经济高速发展,韩国在20世纪90年代逐步建立起以失业保险金、稳定就业计划和职业能力开发计划为主要内容的就业保险制度。面对多次的外部不利冲击,韩国就业保险逆周期调节效果突出。在需求侧,韩国就业保险主要通过延长待遇期限、放宽待遇领取标准和扩大支付范围实现逆周期调节;在供给侧,韩国就业保险主要通过提升就业补贴水平和覆盖面、延长企业缴费期限、扩大职业能力开发覆盖面和增加就业扶持资金支出实现逆周期调节。总体而言,韩国就业保险逆周期调节措施有效缓解了失业冲击、改变了企业应对危机的方式并促进了职业培训体系的建设。但是,由于受到生产型福利模式的影响,韩国就业保险需求侧逆周期调节机制还有待进一步完善,覆盖面有待扩大。

Along with the rapid economic development,ROK gradually established an employment insurance system in the 1990 s with unemployment benefits,job stabilization programs,and job capability development program as the main content.Faced with many external adverse impacts,the effect of counter-cyclical adjustment of ROK’s employment insurance system is outstanding.On the demand side,the employment insurance mainly achieves counter-cyclical adjustment by extending the period of treatment,relaxing the standard of receiving treatment and expanding the scope of payment.On the supply side,the employment insurance mainly achieves counter-cyclical adjustment by increasing the level and coverage of subsidy for keeping jobs,extending the payment deadline for enterprises,expanding the coverage of job capability development program and increasing the expenditure of employment support funds.On the whole,the counter-cyclical adjustment of ROK’s employment insurance has effectively alleviated the impact of unemployment,changed the way enterprises cope with the crisis and promoted the construction of vocational training system.However,due to the impact of the productivist welfare model,the demand-side counter-cyclical adjustment mechanism of the employment insurance needs to be further improved.