数字经济新就业形态的规模估算与疫情影响研究

Estimating the Scale of New Employment in the Digital Economy and the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic

数字经济催生的新就业形态,是一种以数字技术为支撑的“新技术—经济范式”下劳动力资源配置的全新模式,与传统的灵活型、自雇型非标准就业方式有所不同。本文基于中国官方统计数据、互联网平台数据和社会调查数据,对中国新就业形态的规模进行测算,并以网约车行业为例分析新冠疫情对新就业形态的影响。研究表明,2020年,中国新就业形态就业规模约为5463~6433万人,在总就业中的占比达到7%~8%;疫情期间,西北、东北、西南等经济欠发达省份新就业形态规模呈显著增长趋势,新就业形态对缓解年轻人就业压力发挥出积极作用。统计部门应当将新就业形态的社会调查纳入官方统计体系,针对不同类型的新就业形态开展长期跟踪调查。

As a new model of labor allocation under the“New Technology-Economic Paradigm”,new forms of employment spawned by the digital economy are different from the traditional flexible and non-standard self-employment.Using Chinese official statistics,internet platform data,and social survey data,this paper estimates the scale of new employment in China.Taking the car-hailing industry as an example,the paper examines the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on these jobs.The results show that,in 2020,the overall volume of new employment in China is about 54.63-64.33 million,accounting for 7 percent to 8 percent of the total employment.During the pandemic,the scale of new employment in less economically developed provinces has a significant increase,and the new employment plays a positive role in relieving employment pressure of young people.Statistic of new employment should be incorporated into the regular government statistic,and long-term follow-up surveys on different forms of new employment should be conducted.