基于宫胁造林法的近自然城市森林数字化设计探索——以河北省绿博园邢台林为例

Digital Design Exploration of Nature-Approximating Urban Forest Basing on the Miyawaki Method:A Case Study of Xingtai Forest in a Hebei Green Expo Garden

当下,中国城市森林的建设正处于高潮阶段,数字化技术的进步逐步推动着城市森林的发展。本文以近自然林业、潜在自然植被和新演替理论为理论基础,以“宫胁造林法”为实践基石,将经典理论与数字化技术结合应用,开展近自然城市森林的数字化设计探索。首先,文章梳理了近自然城市森林的发展历程,提出将数字化技术与近自然城市森林营建相结合的必要性。其次,借鉴“宫胁造林法”的相关步骤,提出近自然城市森林的数字化设计方法,包括“认知”“模拟”和“营建”三大步骤。最后,以河北省绿博园邢台林为例进行实证研究,分步解析近自然城市森林的数字化设计方法。具体的方法是:1)认知,通过植被调查研究自然群落特征,确定群落的关键参数;2)模拟,模拟自然群落构建目标群落,利用相关软件分析场地生境及划分目标群落类型,进行目标群落的类型设计和具体模式设计;3)营建,即数字化生成,利用Grasshopper结合Python脚本构建数字化生成运算集,代入关键参数的具体数值后即可生成种植设计图纸和相关苗木信息。该方法的建立为近自然城市森林的数字化设计提供了新的思路,能够推动更加科学、高效的城市森林建设。

Driven by digital technologies,urban forest development is at its height in China.Guided by the theories of nature-approximating forestry,potential natural vegetation and new succession,and by the Miyawaki Method,this paper explores the digital design of nature-approximating urban forest by innovatively applying widely-accepted theories with digital technologies.The paper reviews the evolution of nature-approximating urban forest and discusses why it is essential to introduce digital technologies into this type of forest’s development.Based on the Miyawaki Method,this study proposes a three-step digital design approach to creating nature-approximating urban forest:cognition,simulation,and construction.Also,an empirical study on Xingtai Forest in a Hebei Green Expo Garden is conducted to analyze the digital design methods of nature-approximating urban forest.Steps include 1)cognition of plants to investigate characteristics of natural communities by collecting their key parameters;2)construction of target communities by simulating natural communities,analyzing and classifying target habitats of designed communities by relevant software,and developing type and pattern designs of target communities;and 3)production of detailed construction schemes by utilizing Grasshopper and Python to generate digital generation clusters,after which planting design drawings and seedling information can be obtained by inputting values of key parameters.This method provides a new perspective on the digital design of nature-approximating urban forest,which helps facilitate urban forest development in an efficient way.