避风港规则中“未获直接经济利益”的适用——以图片网站为视角分析

The Application of “No Direct Economic Benefits” in Safe Harbor Rules——Analysis from the Perspective of Picture Website

在适用"未获直接经济利益"这一免责条件之前,应当首先考虑网站是否提供信息存储空间服务。对于网站服务行为的性质,应当结合网站与用户之间的协议、网站对上传者内容的审核方式来进行综合判断。直接经济利益应当采取狭义的解释,是指网络服务提供商的获利与侵权行为之间存在直接、特定联系的经济利益,强调的是获取的利益与侵权行为之间的特定联系,可以采用因果关系的判断方法即"如果没有侵权作品,是否会影响网络服务商所收取的费用"这一标准来判断两者之间是否存在特定联系。网络服务提供商不满足"未获直接经济利益这一免责条件时"并不必然承担侵权责任,是否承担侵权责任关键在于其主观上是否具有过错。尽管不能从收费这一事实本身对其进行过错推定,但网络服务提供商应当履行与其收费经营模式相适应的注意义务。

Before applying the exemption condition of "no direct economic benefit",we should first consider whether the website provides information storage space services.The nature of website service behavior should be comprehensively judged in combination with the agreement between the website and users and the way the website reviews the uploader’s content.The direct economic benefit should be interpreted in a narrow sense,which refers to the economic benefit with direct and specific connection between the profit of the network service provider and the infringement.It emphasizes the specific connection between the obtained benefit and the infringement.We can use this method that "if there is no infringing work,whether it will affect the fees charged by network service providers " to judge whether there is a specific relationship between the two.Network service providers do not necessarily bear tort liability when they do not meet the exemption condition of "not direct economic benefits".The key to bear tort liability lies in whether they have subjective fault.Although the fault can not be inferred from the fact of charging itself,network service providers should perform the duty of care corresponding to their charging business model.