复合绝缘子硅橡胶伞裙老化状态评估方法综述

Aging State Evaluation Methods for Silicone Rubber Sheds of Composite Insulators

随着复合绝缘子运行数量和时间的增加,并长期承受电场、机械负荷和复杂多变的环境作用,其硅橡胶伞裙的老化问题日益突出,威胁了电网的安全稳定运行。结合笔者的研究成果,从传统和新的老化评估方法两个方面,综述了当前复合绝缘子硅橡胶伞裙的老化评估进展。传统方法包括外观检查、喷水分级法、静态接触角法及红外热像法等。这些方法比较简便、直观,但主要涉及复合绝缘子老化引起的外在表现,无法提出材料老化的量化参数。老化评估新方法包括扫描电子显微镜、热重分析、傅里叶红外光谱以及热刺激电流法等。这些新方法主要研究了硅橡胶伞裙老化过程中的微观形貌、组分质量、化学基团以及陷阱参数的变化,每种新方法均有对应的量化参数,使复合绝缘子硅橡胶伞裙老化评估的量化分析与寿命预测成为可能,将是今后的重点研究方向。

With the increase in the number and time of operation of composite insulators and long-term exposure to electric fields, mechanical loads and complex and changing environmental effects, the aging problem of its silicone rubber sheds is becoming increasingly prominent, threatening the safe and stable operation of the power grid. Based on the author′s research results, it is summarized the current aging evaluation progress of silicone rubber sheds of composite insulators from the traditional and new aging evaluation methods. The traditional methods include appearance inspection, hydrophobicity class, static contact angle and infrared thermography. These methods are relatively simple and intuitive, but they mainly involve the external performance caused by composite insulator aging, so it is impossible to put forward the quantitative parameters of material aging. The new methods of aging evaluation include scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry, Fourier infrared spectroscopy and thermally stimulated current method. These new methods mainly study the changes of micro morphology, component quality, chemical group and trap parameters in the aging process of silicone rubber sheds. Each new method has corresponding quantitative parameters, which makes the quantitative analysis and life prediction of aging assessment of silicone rubber sheds of composite insulator possible, and will be the key research direction in the future.