新业态从业人员职业伤害保障的权利基础和制度构建

The Rights Basis and System Building of Occupational Injury Protection for Employees in New Business Forms

新业态从业人员同时面临着较高的职业伤害风险和从工伤保险“保护网络的缝隙跌落”的困境。现有的三类职业伤害保障模式均基于对传统工伤保险的反思与改革,其中工伤保险的调试路径最为可取。新业态从业人员的职业伤害保障根植于人权保障的理念,并以平等权、社会保险权和职业安全卫生权作为直接的权利基础。针对制度的顶层设计,应以工伤保险和劳动关系适度“脱钩”为基础,依托数字时代的技术赋能,探索建立兼具强制性和灵活性的工伤保险体系。对于具体的制度构建,在强制性维度上,应在拓展工伤保险法定参保范围的同时实现待遇支付的社会化;在灵活性维度上,应根据从业人员的特点在工伤保险参保缴费、经办模式、工伤认定、待遇计发等方面作出相应的规则调整。

Employers in new business forms are also faced with higher occupational injury risks and the plight of“falling from the gap in the protection network”of work-related injury insurance.The existing three types of occupational injury protection models are based on the reflection and reform of traditional occupational injury insurance.The readjustment path of occupational injury insurance is the most desirable among them.Occupational injury protection for employees in new forms of business is based on the concept of human rights protection,with the right to equality,social insurance and occupational safety and health as the direct basis of rights.The top-level design of the system should be based on the appropriate“decoupling”of work-related injury insurance and labor relations,and rely on the technological empowerment of the digital age to explore the establishment of a work-related injury insurance system that is both mandatory and flexible.For the specific system building,in the dimension of mandate,the commercialization of benefits payment should be realized while expanding the statutory coverage of work-related injury insurance;in the dimension of flexibility,it should be based on the characteristics of employees.Corresponding rules and regulations shall be adjusted in terms of management model,work-related injury identification,and treatment calculation and payment.